1. THE CELL

2. Animal Cell nucleus rough endoplasmic reticulum nucleolus
Golgi apparatus
nuclear membrane
Golgi
vesicle
nucleus
chromatin
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
nucleoplasm
ribosome
lysosome
vacuole
mitochondrion
cell membrane
centrioles
cytoplasm

3. Plant Cell vacuole chloroplast cell wall rough endoplasmic reticulum
mitochondrion
ribosome
chromatin
cell membrane
nucleoplasm
cytoplasm
nucleolus

4. Structures of a Cell How many do you remember
Structures of a Cell How many do you remember? Close all books and notes : )
cell wall
ribosomes
cilia / flagellum
nuclear membrane
large vacuole
cell membrane
cytoskeleton
cytoplasm
small vacuole
centrioles
secretory vesicles
nucleolus
mitochondria
lysosome
Golgi apparatus
chloroplast
nucleoplasm (chromosomes)
nuclear pores
rough endoplasmic reticulum
smooth endoplasmic reticulum

5. ANIMAL CELL
PLANT CELL

6. Switch with a partner! Place a small checkmark next to the correct answers. Put their score out of 20 in the right hand corner.
nucleolus
ribosomes
nucleoplasm (chromosomes)
cytoskeleton
nuclear pores
cell membrane
nuclear membrane
cell wall
small vacuole
centrioles
secretory vesicles
large vacuole
Golgi apparatus
lysosome
mitochondria
chloroplast
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
cilia / flagellum
rough endoplasmic reticulum
cytoplasm

7. VIDEO
April 25, 2017

8. The Cell Membrane (also called Plasma Membrane)
The cell membrane is made up of two layers of phospholipids.
One Phospholipid Molecule
polar head (dissolve in water or soluble in water)
non polar tails (do not dissolve in water or insoluble in
water)
Therefore, the head is attracted to water and the tails are not attracted to water.

9. The Cell Membrane
Aside from phospholipids, the cell membrane also contains many other molecules such as carbohydrates and proteins.
protein channel - tunnels that allow water or specific small ions in/out of cell

10. Fluid Mosaic Model of the Cell Membrane
The cell membrane is a mosaic because it is made up of many pieces, just like a mosaic. It is fluid because of the phospholipid structure.
carbohydrate
integral protein
peripheral protein
phospholipid
phopholipid bilayer
fatty acid tails
phosphate head
protein channel

11. The Cell Membrane
The plasma membrane regulates what enters and leaves the cell.

12. General Structure of a Cell
Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life.
Cells are bathed in an aqueous solution called extracellular fluid.
There are many different kinds of cells, which are specialized to carry out particular functions.
In spite of this, cells have many common features.
April 25, 2017 12

13. Cell Part Function Plant, animal or both cell membrane semi-permeable
controls what enters/leaves
composed of phospholipid bilayer, proteins, carbohydrates
cell
wall
tough rigid outer boundary
protection
cytoplasm
fluid that the cell organelles are suspended in
make proteins
both
plant
both
ribosomes
both

14. Cell Part Function Plant, animal or both
smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
canals throughout cytoplasm to
transport materials
make fats
canals with ribosomes attached
(area for protein synthesis)
Golgi apparatus
stacks of membranes which modify
protein for secretion (export)
packages them into vesicles
lysosomes
contain enzymes (proteins) that
can break down molecules (food,
bacteria, wastes, the cell itself)
both
both
rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
both
animal

15. Cell Part Function Plant, anim or both mitochondria
powerhouse of the cell
produces energy (cellular respiration)
chloroplast
free-floating membrane-bound sac
where photosynthesis occurs
large (plants), small (animals)
membrane-bound sacs filled with
water
turgor pressure
both
plant
vacuoles
both
genetic material
contains instruction for what proteins to make
DNA/chromatin/chromosome
both

16. Cell Part Function Plantanimal or both control centre of the cell
directs all of the cell’s activities
nuclear membrane (1.)
porous double membrane
separates nucleus from cytoplasm
nucleoplasm (2.)
a mixture of chemicals that
stores information
rich in nucleic acids
nucleolus (3.)
dense body in the centre of the
nucleus thought to make
ribosomes
nucleus
both
both
both
both

17. Organelles and Digestion
There are several organelles involved in the process of digestion.
Some vesicles formed in the Golgi apparatus are called lysosomes. Lysosomes are found only in animal cells. Lysosomes contain special proteins called enzymes which help them digest food by breaking it down into its building blocks. Food particles brought into the cell (through the cell membrane) from extracellular fluid may be digested this way. Potentially harmful microorganisms, such as bacteria and viruses can force themselves into a cell. Lysosomes can digest the harmful organisms so the cell is not harmed. When an animal cell gets old, lysosomes break open and decompose the entire cell. The organism then uses the resulting compounds to build new cells.

18. Organelles and Cellular Respiration
There is one main organelle involved in the process of cellular respiration.
Many important chemical reactions occur in the mitochondria. These reactions contribute to cellular respiration, a series of chemical changes that produce compounds that cells use as a source of energy.
Cells that require large amounts of energy, such as muscle cells in animals and root tip cells in plants, usually contain large numbers of mitochondria. Cells that do not require large amounts of energy, such as most fat cells in animals and leaf cells in plants, have smaller numbers of mitochondria.

19. Organelles and Protein Synthesis
There are several organelles involved in the process of protein synthesis.
Ribosomes are organelles used by the cell to produce proteins (protein synthesis). Ribosomes are either floating in the cytoplasm or attached to membranes (ER). Free-floating ribosomes produce proteins that are used inside the cell, and membrane-attached ribosomes manufacture proteins for use outside the cell. Ribosomes are so small that they appear as small fuzzy dots under the microscope.
The endoplasmic reticulum is a complicated system of membranous tubes and canals that connect with the nuclear envelope. There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum: rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), containing attached ribosomes, and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), with no ribosomes.
Because the RER contains ribosomes, many proteins are manufactured in it.

20. General Structure of a Cell
Homework
page 15 # 2, 3, 4, 6