1. Nationalism
in India
A challenge to the European global order

2. How did the British Colonise India?
Download British rule in India in the 19th Century activity from my blog
Take a look at the first page with the two sources what conclusions can you come to about how the British conquered India and why?
On the next page use the sources and information to complete the activity #1 and 2
For question #3: what conclusions can you come to, after reading all of the information on the second page, about how the British economically controlled India

3. Review Mauryan Empire & Ashoka 322 -185 BCE
1757
Mauryan Empire & Ashoka
Gupta Empire – Golden Age of India
Mughal- Muslims descendants of Genghis Khan (Taj Mahal)
Review
British East India Company takes control
Swami Vivekananda – revival of Hinduism= national identity for Indians, but Muslims are seen as more separate
Indian Rebellion of Britain officially takes control of India 1858

4. 1857 Indian Rebellion
Indian Rebellion of Britain officially takes control of India 1858
Rani Lakshmiba - Indian Rebellion of 1857 and for Indian nationalists a symbol of resistance to the rule of the British East India Company in the subcontinent.

5. 1881 First Census
What happens when you begin counting Indians according to their religion?
How will this impact politics?
From the British Government in India
We propose to show the distribution of the population-
By religion
By civil condition
By age
By birthplace and language
By occupation
By education

6. How did the World Wars impact colonies?
Ordered to kill Europeans
Vacated administrative posts given to natives
Promises of autonomy in exchange for loyalty
Promises not kept
Horror of war lead to questions regarding European racial supremacy
Economic disruptions = more support for nationalist movements

7. India’s path to independence

8. National Congress party
Western educated Indians
A study club to start
Large cities
Supported by British officials
Loyal to the British
The first Indian National Congress, 1885
Goals/Issues of Concern… which group of issues do you believe were of greater concern for the early National Congress?
British believe – opinions of elite could be shared with British government – which would deter revolts
More like a study group than a political party
Lack organization and funds for fulltime employees for group --- those who cold lobby for demands
But they do have a large base/following
representation of Indians in local legislative positions
End restriction for Indians to work in colonial government
Drain of wealth from India to Britain
Growing poverty

9. Meetings and the discovery of widespread racism
Racism against Indians occurs throughout India
Low salaries
Lack of access to administrative jobs in government
Realization of common struggle is UNIFYING!

10. Gaining support = Mass Movement
Read Social foundations of a mass movement on page 786.
Read Sources A-D on the Indian National Congress and answer the questions that follow each source
3. Complete a P.O.V. for one of the sources.
Favoritism for British traders – steel for railways
$ for British to pay for wars fought outside of Britain
Push for cash crops = famine (cotton) --- to be used in British factories

11. Protection of Cows Tilak – Uses “being Hindu” Separates Muslims
In Hinduism, the cow is a symbol of wealth, strength, abundance, selfless giving and a full Earthly life
Protection of Cows
A pamphlet protesting against the Muslim practice of beef-eating. The demon Kali (far right) attempts to slaughter the sacred cow, represented by "the mother of cows" Kamadhenu in whose body all deities are believed to reside.
Tilak –
Uses “being Hindu”
Separates Muslims
First to have a genuine mass following
Imprisoned and exiled = loss of support
There were also radical underground nationalist groups, but they never gained mass support
The moderates will eventually take control – Western Educated lawyers – Gandhi- Nehru

12. India supports Britain
WWI
India supports Britain
War bonds – even Gandhi helps
Loans
Soldiers
Problems Arise
Length of war causes loss of support
Inflation
Famine
Shipping shortages
From Britannica
Rowlatt Acts, (February 1919), legislation passed by the Imperial Legislative Council, the legislature of British India. The acts allowed certain political cases to be tried without juries and permitted internment of suspects without trial.
Resented by an aroused Indian public. All nonofficial Indian members of the council (i.e., those who were not officials in the colonial government) voted against the acts.Mahatma Gandhi organized a protest movement that led directly to the Massacre of Amritsar (April 1919) and subsequently to his noncooperation movement (1920–22). The acts were never actually implemented.
British Solution
Support for war will lead to self-rule
Montague-Chelmsford – more legislative power
Rowlett Act – reduces civil rights
ME Connection?
Balfour Declaration
White Papers

13. Amritsar Massacre Video
 (April 13, 1919), incident in which British troops fired on a crowd of unarmed Indian protesters, killing a large number. It left a permanent scar on Indo-British relations and was the prelude to Mahatma Gandhi’s noncooperation movement of 1920–22.
Video

14. Mahatma Gandhi Arrives in India in 1915 Western education
Responsible for making the independence movement a mass movement
Nonviolence civil disobedience - Non cooperation movement
Boycott British goods
Quit government jobs
Refuse to pay taxes
Give up British titles/honors
Download “Gandhi Opposing British rule”
Answer questions A1-2 and B1-2 for now.
1922
Calls off noncooperation movement after police are hurt by angry mob
sentenced to prison for 6 years only serves 2
Andrew Marr -
2:30 – 10:10

15. India’s Nationalist Leaders
All-India Muslim League
Indian National Congress
Muhammad Ali Jinnah - Muslim
Mahatma Gandhi
Hindu
Pandit Nehru
Hindu-atheist
50:00 – Punjab region - family killed

16. 1947
Partition of India
Partition lines drawn by a British civil servant in six weeks by using census data
Cut through communities, railway lines and even houses
Lines were kept secret until after independence
British did not help to stop ethnic cleansing which followed
14 million migrated
Death estimates (500,000 to1,000,000)

17.  vast camp for Muslim refugees waiting to be transported to Pakistan
Burma (now Myanmar) and Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) won independence in 1948.
East Pakistan broke away in 1971 and became the independent country of Bangladesh.
1947