1. LIFE IS CELLULAR LIFE IS CELLULAR

2. LIFE CAN BE FOUND IN THE FORM SINGLE CELL ORGANISM MULTI-CELL ORGANISM

3. HOW DID WE FIND OUT ABOUT THE CELL? ROBERT HOOKE -First light microscope - Cork made of “cells”

4. ANTON VAN LEEUVENHOEK Used simple microscope to observe living organisms in water

5. MATTHIAS SCHLEIDEN Plants made of cells

6. THEODOR SCHWANN Animals made of cells Schwann cells cover axon of nerve cell

7. RUDOLPH VIRCHOW Cells come from existing cells

9. JANET PLOWE NO PICTURE FOUND Cell membrane is a defined physical structure

10. Review: Biologists and Their Discoveries That Led to The Cell Theory  Robert Hooke  Anton van Leeuvenhoek  Matthias Schleiden  Theodor Schwann  Rudolph Virchow  Janet Plowe First light microscope, cork made of “cells” Simple microscope, living organisms in water Plants made of cells Animals made of cells Cells come from existing cells Cell membrane is physical structure

11. What is the Cell Theory? Three Main Components: All living things are composted of cells. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. New cells are produced from existing cells. Is It current? YES

12. TWO CATEGORIES FOR DISTINGUISHING CELL TYPE Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

13. PROKARYOTE Smaller and simpler Have cell membrane and cytoplasm No nuclei But, contain DNA within cytoplasm All bacteria are prokaryotes They grow, reproduce, respond to change Some move

14. EUKARYOTE Vary in shape, some large Have cell membrane and cytoplasm Have nuclei and many other organelles Some single-celled beings Many multi-celled beings All plants, animals, fungi, and many microorganisms are eukaryotes

15. CELL STRUCTURES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

16. Cell Wall Location? Outer most boundary in plant, bacteria and fungi cells Function? Provides support and protection for the cell Helps maintain cell shape

17. Cell Membrane Location? Outer boundary of animal and protist cells. Outer edge of cytoplasm. Function? Regulates what enters and exits the cell Supports cell structures and provides strong barrier between cell and surroundings. Construction? Lipid bilayer, also containing proteins and carbohydrates

18. Nucleus Location? In all cells but bacteria cells Often most prominent structure in center of cell Function? Controls cell processes Stores hereditary information of DNA Codes for protein synthesis (making of proteins most important role of cell)

19. Binuclear, Binucleate, and Multinucleate Cells Some cells have more than one nucleus. Examples: Cells that destroy bone Some liver cells Skeletal muscle cells

20. Nuclear Envelope Location? Surrounds nucleus Function? Double membrane layer that contains pores which allow material to move into and out of the nucleus Steady stream of RNA and other info- carrying molecules to the rest of the cell

21. Chromatin Location? Most of the time it is spread throughout the nucleus Function? Granular in structure, it contains DNA that control cell activities and protein synthesis Pass genetic info from one generation to the next

22. Chromosomes Location? Inside and throughout the nucleus Seen during cell division Description? Chromatin condenses into threads to form Chromosomes Function? Contains DNA that control cell activities and protein synthesis Pass genetic info from one generation to the next

23. Nucleolus Location? Dark spherical mass inside the nucleus Function? Assembly of ribosomes begin here

24. Cytoplasm Location? Material inside the cell membrane but not including the nucleus Contains many structures called organelles Some cells may contain cytoskeleton Function? Establishes living condition to supply and transport materials for cell activities

25. Cytoskeleton Location? Extending from nucleus to cell membrane in some cells Description? Made up of protein filaments called microtubules and microfilaments Function? Helps cell maintain shape and involved in many forms of cell movement

26. Centrioles Location? Paired structures just outside the nuclear envelope in the cytoplasm Only in animal cells Function? During cell division, centrioles separate and take up positions on opposite sides of the nucleus Help organize the spindle that separate the chromosomes

27. Cilia & Flagella Location? Both extend from the surface of the cell Description? Cilia – numerous, short, hair-like projections Flagella- one or two, longer whip-like structures Function? Both used to propel individual cells through environment Cilia Flagella

28. Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.) Location? Extend from nuclear envelop to cell membrane Description? Rough E.R. – contain ribosomes Smooth E.R. – do not contain ribosomes Function? Transport materials Rough E.R. modify proteins for secretion Smooth E.R. contains enzymes that make lipids

29. Ribosome Location? In nucleus, cytoplasm, and Rough E.R. Function? Produce proteins following coded instruction that come from the nucleus

30. Golgi Apparatus Location? Near E.R. and nucleus Function? Stack of membranes that accept proteins produced by the rough E.R. Contain enzymes that attach carbohydrates and lipids to proteins (“package proteins”) Proteins then sent to final destinations

31. Lysosome Location? Throughout the cytoplasm of the cell Rare in plant cells Function? Small organelles filled with enzymes that break down lipids, carbohydrates and proteins from food into particles that can be used by the rest of the cell. Also a “cell cleaner” to break down old organelles and dead pathogens. © 2003 Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc.

32. Plant Vacuole Location? Saclike structure in the cytoplasm Description? Plant cells – Single, large central vacuole Function? Store materials such as water, salts, proteins and carbohydrates Pressure in plant vacuole aid in support of plant cell (lack of water – wilting)

33. Vacuoles Location? Saclike structures in the cytoplasm Description? Animal & Protists – Small, multiple vacuoles Function? Store materials such as water, salts, proteins and carbohydrates Remove excess water from cell (contractile vacuole)

34. Chloroplasts Location? Found in cytoplasm of plants, some protists and bacteria Function? Use energy from sunlight to make energy-rich food molecules (glucose). The name of this process? Photosynthesis Note: Chloroplasts contain some of their own genetic info or DNA that is essential to the function of the chloroplast.

35. Mitochondria Location? Throughout the cytoplasm More numerous in cells that have high energy requirements. Function? Organelles that release energy in the form of ATP from stored food molecules (glucose) The name of this process? Cellular Respiration Note: Mitochondria contain some of their own genetic info or DNA that is essential to the function of the mitochondrion. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

36. Plant Mitochondria

37. Human Liver Cell Mitochondria

38. Review: Cell Structures and Functions A. Cell Membrane B. Centriole C. Chromosomes (DNA) D. ER (rough) E. ER (smooth) F. Golgi apparatus G. Mitochondrion H. Nucleus I. Nucleolus J. Ribosomes K. Specialized Vesicle, a Lysosome M. Vesicle/Vacuole

39. Cell Quiz Answer Key 1.ESmooth E.R. 2.JRibosome 3.DRough E.R. 4.KLysosome (Special vesicle) 5.MVesicle/Vacuole 6.CChromosome 7.HNucleus 8.INucleolus 9.ESmooth E.R. 10.ACell Membrane 11.BCentriole 12.FGolgi Apparatus 13.GMitochondrion 14.MVesicle/Vacuole

40. Recognition is given to the following URL addresses where the images in this PowerPoint were found. Plant cell : http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/plantcellwall.jpghttp://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/plantcellwall.jpg Cell phone image: http://www1.istockphoto.com/file_thumbview_approve/1354686/2/istockphoto_1354686_cell_phone_vector.jpghttp://www1.istockphoto.com/file_thumbview_approve/1354686/2/istockphoto_1354686_cell_phone_vector.jpg Mass quantities of cell phones: http://www.textually.org/textually/archives/images/set1/cell_phones.gifhttp://www.textually.org/textually/archives/images/set1/cell_phones.gif Moving amoeba: http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/plantcellwall.jpg&imgrefurl=http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~aca rpi/NSC/13- cells.htm&h=267&w=216&sz=20&hl=en&start=5&tbnid=P6TrdXiIXUDwGM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=91&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dplant%2Bcells%26gbv%3 D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/plantcellwall.jpg&imgrefurl=http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~aca rpi/NSC/13- cells.htm&h=267&w=216&sz=20&hl=en&start=5&tbnid=P6TrdXiIXUDwGM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=91&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dplant%2Bcells%26gbv%3 D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG Frog: http://imagecache2.allposters.com/images/pic/NIM/AF581~Frog-Posters.jpg http://imagecache2.allposters.com/images/pic/NIM/AF581~Frog-Posters.jpg Hooke: http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/PictDisplay/Hooke.htmlhttp://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/PictDisplay/Hooke.html Hooke’s microscope: http://www.arsmachina.com/images/hooke.jpghttp://www.arsmachina.com/images/hooke.jpg Hooke’s cork: http://askabiologist.asu.edu/research/buildingblocks/images/hookecorkS.jpghttp://askabiologist.asu.edu/research/buildingblocks/images/hookecorkS.jpg Leeuvenhoek: http://www.zin.ru/Animalia/Coleoptera/images/leeuvenh.jpghttp://www.zin.ru/Animalia/Coleoptera/images/leeuvenh.jpg Leeuvenhoek’s pond organisms: http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imagsmall/dropnewc2.jpghttp://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imagsmall/dropnewc2.jpg Schleiden: http://www.gavagai.de/philosoph/IMAGES/schleiden.jpghttp://www.gavagai.de/philosoph/IMAGES/schleiden.jpg Schleiden plant cell: http://www.moe.gov.sg/edumall/tl/digital_resources/biology/images/HydrillaVerticillata.jpghttp://www.moe.gov.sg/edumall/tl/digital_resources/biology/images/HydrillaVerticillata.jpg Schwann: http://content.answers.com/main/content/img/scitech/HStheodo.jpghttp://content.answers.com/main/content/img/scitech/HStheodo.jpg Schwann cell diagram: http://www.getbodysmart.com/ap/nervoussystem/celltypes/menu/image.gifhttp://www.getbodysmart.com/ap/nervoussystem/celltypes/menu/image.gif Virchow: http://www.sil.si.edu/digitalcollections/hst/scientific-identity/fullsize/SIL14-V002-11a.jpghttp://www.sil.si.edu/digitalcollections/hst/scientific-identity/fullsize/SIL14-V002-11a.jpg Virchow mitosis: http://www.micro.utexas.edu/courses/levin/bio304/genetics/mitosis.gifhttp://www.micro.utexas.edu/courses/levin/bio304/genetics/mitosis.gif Cell looks like me cartoon: http://www.cs.hmc.edu/~rmcknigh/projects/bio52-project3/cartoon.gifhttp://www.cs.hmc.edu/~rmcknigh/projects/bio52-project3/cartoon.gif Cell membrane Janet Plowe: http://www.ncnr.nist.gov/programs/reflect/rp/biology/cell_membrane_p2.jpghttp://www.ncnr.nist.gov/programs/reflect/rp/biology/cell_membrane_p2.jpg

41. Recognition continued: Female: http://www.health-safety-signs.uk.com/productimages/Acrylic-female-toilet-symbol-sign.gifhttp://www.health-safety-signs.uk.com/productimages/Acrylic-female-toilet-symbol-sign.gif Paramecium: http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://userwww.sfsu.edu/~biol240/labs/lab_06protists/media/paramecium.jpg&imgrefurl=http://userwww.sfsu.edu/~bio l240/labs/lab_06protists/pages/paramecium.html&h=540&w=352&sz=17&hl=en&start=22&tbnid=5_My1Mkfovm_wM:&tbnh=132&tbnw=86&prev=/images%3Fq% 3Dparamecium%26start%3D20%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://userwww.sfsu.edu/~biol240/labs/lab_06protists/media/paramecium.jpg&imgrefurl=http://userwww.sfsu.edu/~bio l240/labs/lab_06protists/pages/paramecium.html&h=540&w=352&sz=17&hl=en&start=22&tbnid=5_My1Mkfovm_wM:&tbnh=132&tbnw=86&prev=/images%3Fq% 3Dparamecium%26start%3D20%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN Prokaryotic cell: http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/procaryotes/images/procaryote.jpghttp://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/procaryotes/images/procaryote.jpg Bacteria cell wall: http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/summer2002/prok.jpghttp://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/summer2002/prok.jpg Cell Wall: http://www.astrographics.com/GalleryPrints/Display/GP2164.jpghttp://www.astrographics.com/GalleryPrints/Display/GP2164.jpg Animated Cell Parts Intro: http://www.wacona.com/promote/cells/cellani.gifhttp://www.wacona.com/promote/cells/cellani.gif Cell membrane channel proteins: http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/1/10/Cell-membrane-electrochemical.PNGhttp://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/1/10/Cell-membrane-electrochemical.PNG Cell diagram: http://www.mcb.uct.ac.za/tutorial/mcb3011s/virusentanimal_files/cell400.jpghttp://www.mcb.uct.ac.za/tutorial/mcb3011s/virusentanimal_files/cell400.jpg Cell nucleus: http://www.daviddarling.info/images/cell_nucleus.jpghttp://www.daviddarling.info/images/cell_nucleus.jpg Cell nucleus: http://www.daviddarling.info/images/cell_nucleus.jpghttp://www.daviddarling.info/images/cell_nucleus.jpg Nuclear envelope: http://www.ualr.edu/botany/nucleus.jpeghttp://www.ualr.edu/botany/nucleus.jpeg Resting cell actual mitosis: http://www.molecularexpressions.com/micro/gallery/mitosis/resting.jpghttp://www.molecularexpressions.com/micro/gallery/mitosis/resting.jpg Cell Chromosomes: http://www.flickr.com/photos/flteach/4850119/http://www.flickr.com/photos/flteach/4850119/ Nucleolus (actual): http://www.daviddarling.info/images/nucleolus.gifhttp://www.daviddarling.info/images/nucleolus.gif Cytoplasm diagram: http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/illustrations/cellcytoplasm.jpghttp://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/illustrations/cellcytoplasm.jpg Microtubules and microfilaments: http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif71/images/00016767.jpghttp://www.beyondbooks.com/lif71/images/00016767.jpg Centrioles actual: http://www.gen.cam.ac.uk/Research/Glover/images/SAK.jpghttp://www.gen.cam.ac.uk/Research/Glover/images/SAK.jpg Centrioles: http://sun.menloschool.org/~birchler/cells/animals/centriole/centriole2.jpghttp://sun.menloschool.org/~birchler/cells/animals/centriole/centriole2.jpg Cilia and flagella together good: http://campus.queens.edu/faculty/jannr/bio103/IMAGES/fg05_17a.jpghttp://campus.queens.edu/faculty/jannr/bio103/IMAGES/fg05_17a.jpg Smooth and rough e.r. diagram: http://www.hhmi.org/askascientist/images/cell.gifhttp://www.hhmi.org/askascientist/images/cell.gif Smooth and rough e.r. only diagram: http://www.daviddarling.info/images/endoplasmic_reticulum.jpghttp://www.daviddarling.info/images/endoplasmic_reticulum.jpg Smooth and rough e.r. actual: http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.cytochemistry.net/Cell- biology/SER1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.cytochemistry.net/Cell-biology/ser.htm&h=380&w=600&sz=51&hl=en&start=50&um=1&tbnid=l2zZTQ_k- 366OM:&tbnh=86&tbnw=135&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dendoplasmic%2Breticulum%26start%3D40%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa %3DNhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.cytochemistry.net/Cell- biology/SER1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.cytochemistry.net/Cell-biology/ser.htm&h=380&w=600&sz=51&hl=en&start=50&um=1&tbnid=l2zZTQ_k- 366OM:&tbnh=86&tbnw=135&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dendoplasmic%2Breticulum%26start%3D40%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa %3DN

42. Recognition continued: Ribosome protein syn diagram: http://anthro.palomar.edu/biobasis/images/protein_synthesis_at_ribosomes.gifhttp://anthro.palomar.edu/biobasis/images/protein_synthesis_at_ribosomes.gif Ribosome and Cell: http://members.aol.com/dcaronejr/ezmed/cell.jpghttp://members.aol.com/dcaronejr/ezmed/cell.jpg Golgi diagram: http://www.bgsu.edu/departments/chem/midden/MITBCT/cb/org/golgi.gifhttp://www.bgsu.edu/departments/chem/midden/MITBCT/cb/org/golgi.gif Golgi actual: http://z.about.com/d/biology/1/0/P/1/golgi.jpghttp://z.about.com/d/biology/1/0/P/1/golgi.jpg Lysosome diagram good: http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=8038&rendTypeId=4http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=8038&rendTypeId=4 Plant vacuole diagram: http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/cells/c7.6.15.Vacuole.jpghttp://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/cells/c7.6.15.Vacuole.jpg Vacuole contractile: http://www.chadevans.co.uk/asite/Alevel/u02/ln/protozoa2_files/image002.jpghttp://www.chadevans.co.uk/asite/Alevel/u02/ln/protozoa2_files/image002.jpg Vacuoles actual: http://content.answers.com/main/content/img/McGrawHill/Encyclopedia/images/CE725300FG0010.gifhttp://content.answers.com/main/content/img/McGrawHill/Encyclopedia/images/CE725300FG0010.gif Wilted plant: http://images.jupiterimages.com/common/detail/04/85/23208504.jpghttp://images.jupiterimages.com/common/detail/04/85/23208504.jpg Phagocyte vacuoles: http://www.academic.marist.edu/~jzmz/topics/bloodsmears/bloodsmears16.jpghttp://www.academic.marist.edu/~jzmz/topics/bloodsmears/bloodsmears16.jpg Chromatin is DNA wound tightly: http://www.facstaff.bucknell.edu/kfield/organelles/organelleimages/chromatin.gifhttp://www.facstaff.bucknell.edu/kfield/organelles/organelleimages/chromatin.gif Plant cell diagram: http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/plants/images/plantcell.jpghttp://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/plants/images/plantcell.jpg Mitochondria complete: http://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/cm1504/Image110.gifhttp://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/cm1504/Image110.gif Mitochondria in actual plant cell: http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/130/Plant_Cell/Elodea/Mitochondria_MC_.jpghttp://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/130/Plant_Cell/Elodea/Mitochondria_MC_.jpg Mitochondria actual: http://www.etsu.edu/biology/symbiosis/mitochondria.jpghttp://www.etsu.edu/biology/symbiosis/mitochondria.jpg Cell Quiz : http://images.search.yahoo.com/search/images/view?back=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.search.yahoo.com%2Fsearch%2Fimages%3Fp%3DCell%2BQuiz%26ei%3DUTF- 8%26fr%3Dyfp-t-390%26x%3Dwrt&w=336&h=452&imgurl=www.mansfield.ohio- state.edu%2F%7Ejbradley%2FAnCell.JPG&rurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mansfield.ohio- state.edu%2F%7Ejbradley%2FAnimalCellQ.html&size=135kB&name=AnCell.JPG&p=Cell+Quiz&type=jpeg&no=8&tt=759&oid=dcd9166b78d4a1f8&ei=UTF-8 http://images.search.yahoo.com/search/images/view?back=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.search.yahoo.com%2Fsearch%2Fimages%3Fp%3DCell%2BQuiz%26ei%3DUTF- 8%26fr%3Dyfp-t-390%26x%3Dwrt&w=336&h=452&imgurl=www.mansfield.ohio- state.edu%2F%7Ejbradley%2FAnCell.JPG&rurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mansfield.ohio- state.edu%2F%7Ejbradley%2FAnimalCellQ.html&size=135kB&name=AnCell.JPG&p=Cell+Quiz&type=jpeg&no=8&tt=759&oid=dcd9166b78d4a1f8&ei=UTF-8