1. Building Envelope

2. Physical separator between interior and exterior spaces – Walls – Floors – Roofs – Fenestrations (any opening in the structure) – Doors

3. Envelope for Climates Respond to the local climate 4 common extremes – Arid Climate – Tropical Climate – Cold Climate – Mixed Cold/Hot Climate

4. Arid Climate Dry and hot but have large swings of temp. from the day to night Thermal mass on the outside is most crucial design strategy to even out temp swings Consistently hot locations it helps to have high ceilings and shaded breezeways, light colors, daylighting via reflected light (not direct sun) Courtyards with natural ventilation, pools or fountains can provide evaporative cooling

5. Arid Climate

6. Tropical Climate Hot and humid areas Keep the heat of the sun off and maximize ventilation, reflective insulated roof with walls that pass breeze but not rain Light colored

7. Cold Climate Maximize insulation, use windows for solar gain on thermal mass inside the envelope Air tight envelope, avoid infiltration

8. Mixed Cold/Hot Climate Flexibility is key to design for this climate Deep overhangs, allows low winter sun in through windows to heat up high-mass concrete slab inside, while blocking summer sun Light roof/darker walls to repel summer sun but absorb winter sun Extra insulation, operable windows

9. Mixed Cold/Hot Climate

10. Envelope Energy Flow Envelope is a composition of layers with varying thermal and permeability properties Composed of membranes, sheets, blocks and preassembled components Choice is governed by climate 2 opposite design concepts – Open frame – Closed shell

11. Closed shell Harsh climates Closed shell design with carefully placed openings to make limited contact with the outdoors Also useful when there are unwanted external influences (noise, visual clutter)

12. Open Frame When external conditions are close to desired internal conditions Open frame with parts of the envelope added to modify outside forces

13. Envelope Energy Flows Flow of heat varies by season and path of heat – Flows from a building in winter and to a building in summer – Through the building’s skin or outdoor air entering