1. Chapter 1 C Cells: The Basic Units of Life

2. Section 1 The Diversity of Cells: Cell – the smallest unit that can perform all the processes necessary for life - come in many different sizes and shapes

3. Cells and the Cell Theory….. Robert Hooke – first to describe cells (1665) - built simple microscope - looked @ cork (saw little rooms and called them cells)

4. Finding cells in other organisms….. Anton van Leeuwenhoek – 1673 - made microscope - looked @ pond scum (animalcules/protists) - looked at animal blood (noticed different shapes in different animals)

5. However….. Zacharias Jannsen - built 1 st compound scope

6. The Cell Theory….. Matthias Schleiden – German - all plant tissue made of cells

7. The Cell Theory….. Theodore Schwann - German - concluded that all animal tissue is made of cells

8. The Cell Theory….. Rudolf Virchow – - German - Concluded all cells come from other cells

9. The Cell Theory….. 1.All organisms are made of cells 2.The cell is the basic unit of life 3.All cells come from other cells

10. Cell Size….. There are a few large one – yolk of an egg Many smaller ones – size is controlled by the surface area to volume ratio

11. Parts of a Cell….. Cells come in many different shapes and sizes Cells have many different functions

12. All cells have these parts….. Cell Membrane – protective layer around cell - acts as a barrier - controls what goes in/out of a cell - made of phospholipids

13. All cells have these parts….. Cytoplasm – jelly like part of cell

14. All cells have these parts….. Organelles – parts inside the cell that carry out certain processes

15. All cells have these parts….. Genetic Material – DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) - contains information needed to make new cells and new organisms - in some cells, the DNA is contained inside a NUCLEUS (brain of the cell)

16. 2 Types of Cells….. Prokaryotic – cell with NO nucleus Eukaryotic – cells do have a nucleus

17. 2 Types of Cells….. Prokaryotic – Most common are Bacteria (Bacterium)

18. 2 Types of Cells….. Prokaryotic – 2 nd most common are Archae

19. 2 Types of Cells….. Eukaryotic – Largest cells - Still microscopic - ~ 10x larger than bacterial cells - Have a nucleus (brain of the cell)

20. Section 2 Eukaryotic cells – Animal cells and plant cells are the most common Animal CellPlant Cell

21. Eukaryotic Cells….. Cell Wall – rigid structure that gives support and shape - found in plants and algae - made of cellulose (complex sugar) - Fungus also have cell walls, but they are made out of chitin - Bacteria and Archae also have cell walls, but are different

23. Eukaryotic Cells….. Cell Membrane – all cells have this - protective barrier - separates from environment

24. Eukaryotic Cells….. Cytoskeleton – web of proteins in the cytoplasm - acts as a muscle and a skeleton - made of 3 types of proteins

25. Eukaryotic Cells….. Nucleus – in all eukaryotic cells - contain DNA (genetic material)

26. Eukaryotic Cells….. Ribosomes – smallest organelles - most abundant organelle - NOT membrane bound - make proteins out of AMINO ACIDS 20 different amino acids

27. Eukaryotic Cells….. Endoplasmic Reticulum – a system of folded membranes in which proteins and lipids are made - internal delivery system in cell - it is either ROUGH or SMOOTH

28. Eukaryotic Cells….. Mitochondria (mitochondrion) – - power source of the cell - breaks sugar down into ATP - needs oxygen

29. Eukaryotic Cells….. Chloroplasts – Only in plants/algae - carries out PHOTOSYNTHESIS* * process of using sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make sugar and oxygen - green (chlorophyll)* *traps the sunlight

30. Eukaryotic Cells….. Golgi Complex – packages and distributes proteins from E.R. - pinches off bubble to transport its contents

31. Eukaryotic Cells….. The bubble is called a VESICLE

32. Eukaryotic Cells….. Lysosomes – a special vesicle responsible for digestion - contain digestive enzymes - destroy damaged/worn out organelles

33. Eukaryotic Cells….. Vacuoles – a vesicle in plant/fungus - aid in digestion - storage of water *****

34. Section 3 The Organization of Living Things – Cells – every living thing is made of cells Tissue- groups of cells working together to do a job Organs – groups of tissues working together to do a job Organ Systems – groups of organs working together to do job Organism – groups of organ systems working together to do a job

35. The Organization of Life…..