1. A NEW SPECIES WAS DISCOVERED IN THE DESERT NEAR MANZANILLO, MEXICO. WHAT THE #%^!@ IS IT?

2. Observations:

6. Observation Info gathered in a careful, orderly way. Can be qualitative or quantitative.

7. Quantitative Observations 6.8 inches long 0.5 - 1 inch wide 6 legs + 2 antennae 2 “claws” 0 fangs/stingers 2 body segments Info that can be counted/measured. Memory trick: “quantity”. Ex: length, weight, number of legs, etc.

8. Qualitative Observations Info that cannot be counted. Memory trick: “quality.” Ex: color, shape, location, behavior. Non-aggressive Native to Mexico (caves) Dull brownish-black Color “banding” on legs

9. Inference Dull colors (camouflage) Non-aggressive 0 fangs/stingers Two pinching “claws” Inference: not poisonous. A logical guess based on observation. Not a fact, because it has not been tested with an experiment.

10. Observation vs. Inference Make some quantitative and qualitative observations based on this photo.

11. Observation vs. Inference Based on your observations, make an inference.

12. An inference is a possible idea, NOT a fact! After doing an investigation, you may uncover information that contradicts your inference.

13. By watching commercials, a nerd observes that women go crazy for guys that wear body spray.

14. The nerd infers that body spray probably attracts women. He decides to investigate the idea using the scientific method.

15. Scientific Method An organized way to investigate an idea. 6 steps; repeatable by other scientists. Ask a QUESTION BACKGROUND RESEARCH Devise a HYPOTHESIS Conduct EXPERIMENT Analyze DATA and draw CONCLUSION REPORT RESULTS

16. = Question Step 1 of the SM. Based on inference. Do male body sprays really attract women?

17. Background Research Step 2; info collected BEFORE forming a hypothesis. Narrows down possibile hypotheses.

18. Hypothesis Step 3; a possible idea, not yet tested. Must be TESTABLE in the real world. + =

19. Experiment Step 4; a way of testing the hypothesis. +

20. Data Step 5; Info collected during an experiment. Can be Quant. or Qual. N = 12

21. Conclusion Also step 5; whether hypothesis is supported or not. Based on data. MUST include the word “hypothesis.” + =

22. Report Results Step 6; to make the results of an experiment public so that other scientists can repeat it. NERD NEWS AXE BODY SPRAY TOTALLY WORKS! Nerds around the world overjoyed, slightly nervous. Axe Body Spray sales at all-time high! Our new leader.

23. Theory A hypothesis that has been tested many times under different conditions (“Well-supported.”) Must get same results each time.

24. Hypothesis vs. Theory Tested once: a supported hypothesis Tested many times with same results: a theory

25. If hypothesis is supported – go to step 6 (report results) Ask a QUESTION BACKGROUND RESEARCH Devise a HYPOTHESIS Conduct EXPERIMENT Analyze DATA and draw CONCLUSION REPORT RESULTS

26. If hypothesis is not supported – GO BACK TO STEP #3 You need a new hypothesis, not a new question! Ask a QUESTION BACKGROUND RESEARCH Devise a HYPOTHESIS Conduct EXPERIMENT Analyze DATA and draw CONCLUSION REPORT RESULTS

27. Does fertilizer really help plants grow? Plant APlant B

28. Controlled Experiment Experiment in which only ONE variable is changed. Plant APlant B All other variables are controlled (kept the same).

29. Manipulated Variable The variable in a controlled experiment that is not controlled(not kept the same) X There is only ONE MV to avoid experimental error.

30. Responding Variable Variable that is measured/counted. Plant APlant B “Responds” to the MV.

31. Controlled Variables Variables that are kept the same. There always will be many CV’s.

32. On your graphic organizer, write short definitions for each variable. Then, identify the MV, RV, and CV’s in the sunflower experiment. Manipulated variable: fertilizer

33. Responding variable: growth of plants On your graphic organizer, write short definitions for each variable. Then, identify the MV, RV, and CV’s in the sunflower experiment.

34. Controlled variables: sunlight, water, type of plant, same ruler, etc. On your graphic organizer, write short definitions for each variable. Then, identify the MV, RV, and CV’s in the sunflower experiment.

35. Controlled Axe Experiment - Two Nerds Nerd A Nerd B

36. Controlled Axe Experiment - Two Nerds Nerd A Nerd B Manipulated variable: Axe spray

37. Controlled Axe Experiment - Two Nerds Nerd A Nerd B Responding variable: Number of kisses

38. Controlled Axe Experiment - Two Nerds Nerd A Nerd B Controlled variables: Same appearance, clothing, personality/charm, hygiene; same party with same girls; same time of night

39. Does fertilizer really help plants grow?

40. Experimental Error False results that occur when there is more than one MV.

41. Is it a Controlled Experiment? Nerd A Nerd B Not a controlled experiment – there is more than one MV

42. Is it a Controlled Experiment? Nerd A Nerd B No – there is no MV!

43. #40 What will the manipulated and responding variables be?

44. Spontaneous Generation The belief that life can arise from nonliving matter. Disproved by Redi using a controlled experiment.

45. Redi’s Spontaneous Generation Experiment Maggots appear No maggots

46. 1. State Redi’s hypothesis (correct format). Maggots appear No maggots

47. 2. Identify the responding variable. Maggots appear No maggots

48. 3. Identify the manipulated variable. Maggots appear No maggots

49. 4. Identify two variables that were controlled. Maggots appear No maggots

50. 5. State Redi’s conclusion. Maggots appear No maggots

51. 6. Explain why this would not be a controlled experiment if one jar contained chicken. Maggots appear No maggots

52. 1. State Redi’s hypothesis (correct format). Maggots appear No maggots If the jar is covered, then no maggots will appear.

53. 2. Identify the responding variable. Maggots appear No maggots Appearance of maggots.

54. 3. Identify the manipulated variable. Maggots appear No maggots Gauze cover.

55. 4. Identify two variables that were controlled. Maggots appear No maggots Type of meat, size of meat, type of jar, location.

56. 5. State Redi’s conclusion. Maggots appear No maggots His hypothesis was correct.

57. 6. Explain why this would not be a controlled experiment if one jar contained chicken. Maggots appear No maggots There would be more than one MV.

58. Line Graph Shows change over a period of time. Change = y- axis; time = x axis.

59. Bar Graph Shows comparison between different groups or categories.

60. Control Group Does not receive the MV. Needed for comparison.

61. 1. State the researcher’s hypothesis. If aspirin is added to the soil, then the roses will grow faster. What you doWhat you measure

62. Bar Graph – Results of Axe Experiment Number of SmilesPer. 1Per. 2Per. 3Per. 4Per. 6 Red: With Axe Blue: Without Axe Conclusion: according to data, hypothesis NOT supported