1. ...and to the republic Roman Government

2. Out with the King! In 509 B.C. Romans threw out last Etruscan king. Vowed never again to be ruled by kings

3. If you just threw out a king, what would you be afraid of in a government?

4. Romans were worried about 1 man being in power Formed their government with checks on power

5. 2 types of Roman citizens Patricians (Aristocrats) - wealthy landowners Plebians (commoners) - merchants, artisans, farmers

6. At first, all elected officials had to be Patricians. Slowly, Plebians gained more power, though.

7. DateEventEffect 494 BC Plebians withdraw from city. Tribunes elected Tribunes can veto laws of Senate if affect Plebians 450 BC Law of 12 Tables Law same for both Patricians & Plebians 367 BC 1st Plebian elected Consul Patrician hold on high offices broken “Conflict of the Orders”

8. 3 branches of government AssembliesOfficialsSenate (...little bit of Monarchy...) (...little bit of Oligarchy...) (...little bit of Democracy...) Created ++

9. ...mix them together & it’s called... -- a ‘Republic’ Three branches were a check on each other’s power so no group would grow too powerful

10. What makes a ‘Republic?’ Voters in a republic elect officials to make most of their decisions for them Is the United States more of a democracy or a republic?

11. What is a Consul’s job? Command army Propose laws What is a the source of a Consul’s power? Held imperium (right to command troops) What are the limits on a Consul’s power? 1 year terms of office Each Consul could veto other Balance of power 2 Consuls highest officials

12. What is the Senate’s job? Set Rome’s budget Foreign relations Pass laws What is the source of Senate’s power? Richest men in Rome Term was for life What are the limits on Senate’s power? New senators appointed by Consuls No control over army Balance of power Roman Senate (300 members)

13. What is the Assembly’s job? Elected leaders Passed laws What is source ofAssembly’s power? Provided most of soldiers What are the limits on Asembly’s power? Could not propose laws Often ‘clients’ of rich Balance of power Roman Assembly (35 tribes)

14. Other Roman elected officials: PRAETOR = Governor QUAESTOR = Financial officers AEDILE = Religious or city duties TRIBUNE = Could ‘veto’ laws or actions if they negatively affected Plebians

15. Dictator Appointed in times of emergency 6 month term of office (appointed by consuls) Had powers of a king (in charge of military, could decree laws) Decisons not subject to ‘veto’

16. comparing elections: Leaders Greek democracy vs. Roman republic Most Greek officials chosen randomly by lot Roman officials voted on by Assembly “Caesar!” “Pompey! ”

17. comparing elections: Laws Greek democracy vs. Roman republic 1. Council of 500 proposed the laws 2. Assembly discussed the laws 3. Assembly voted on the laws 1. Consuls proposed the laws 2. Senate discussed the laws 3. Senate/Assembly voted on the laws “Direct democracy” “Representative democracy”