1. Showdown in the Pacific: Pearl Harbor 1941: U.S.–Japanese negotiations Japan’s demands – Free hand in China – Restoration of normal trade relations U.S. demanded Japanese troops out of China December 7, 1941: Pearl Harbor attacked December 8: War declared

2. WWII: Pacific Theatre Act I 12/7/1941: Pearl Harbor 12/1941-5/1942: Grim Defeat and Retreat Fall of Dutch East Indies, Fall of Philippines, Corregidor, Bataan Death March, Gen. MacArthur – “I shall return.” http://www.libraries.psu.edu/ma ps/photo/8-Bataan.jpg http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/pacificwar/2130.jpg

3. http://ghostofbataan.com/image2/deathm1.jpg PHILIPPINES 80,000 US VS. 200,000 JAPAN After 5 Months- US Forces: 14,000 KIA 48,000 WIA

4. Map: Closing the Circle on Japan, 1942-1945 Closing the Circle on Japan, 1942-1945 Following the Battle of Midway, with the invasion of Guadalcanal (August 1942), American forces began the costly process of island hopping. This map shows the paths of the American campaign in the Pacific, closing the circle on Japan. After the Soviet Union entered the war and Hiroshima and Nagasaki were destroyed by atomic bombs, Japan surrendered on August 15, 1945. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

5. Japanese American Internment Camps

6. A Nation on the Move: Japanese Internment 120,000 Japanese moved from the West Coast to detention camps 1944: Supreme Court rejected appeal for release 1988: Congress voted indemnity of $1.2 billion for survivors

7. The Doolittle Raids On April 18, 1942, sixteen B25 bombers, with 80 volunteers commanded by Lieutenant Colonel James Doolittle, took off from the aircraft carrier Hornet. Their mission was to drop the first bombs on Tokyo, Nagoya and Yokohama. All reached their targets successfully, with little Japanese response. Then, low on fuel, fifteen of the planes crashed or were abandoned in China. (The Japanese would eventually execute 250,000 Chinese for helping the American fliers escape.) A sixteenth plane landed near Vladivostok. Two of the Doolittle raiders came down in enemy territory and three crewmen were executed. But 71 men eventually came home. http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/images/h97000/h97502t.jpg http://www.pbs.org/perilousfight/_images/photos/battlefield/doolittle/05.jpg

8. Checking Japan in the Pacific Two-pronged drive against Japan – Douglas MacArthur led drive through New Guinea to the Philippines – Chester Nimitz led navy westward from Pearl Harbor to the Philippines June, 1942: Victory at Midway launches advance into Japanese-held territories

9. WWII: Pacific Theatre Act II May-June 1942: Allies Turn the Tide Battle of the Coral Sea (saves Australia) Battle of Midway (destroys Japanese Carriers) Aug. 1942: “Island Hopping” begins Guadalcanal (20K Japanese dead to 1200 USA) Tarawa, Marianas, Solomon Islands Aug. 1943: Recover Aleutian Islands MEANWHILE: US subs destroy Japansese navy, US begins bombing Tokyo and Japan

10. Battle of Midway Admiral Chester Nimitz, US Commander US uses intercepted/decoded Japanese messages re: invasion fleet of 110 ships Nimitz sets trap, destroys 332 planes, 4 aircraft carriers, and many experienced Japanese pilots http://www.pbs.org/perilousfight/_images/photos/battlefield/doolittle/11.jpg http://www.cnn.com/TECH/science/9806/04/yorktown.found/midway.island.lg.jpg

11. Island Hopping By-pass Japanese strong-points Seize small, unfortified islands Build airfields on them Use air power to destroy Japanese supply lines Starve out Japanese strong-points Repeat

12. Tarawa by Tom Lovell On November 21, 1943, marines stormed ashore on the atoll of Tarawa, soon to be called "Bloody Tarawa." The marines secured the island, but the cost was high. Of the 5,000 marines who fought in the battle, more than 1,000 were killed and another 2,000 wounded. Nearly all of the 5,000 Japanese defenders died, many in a final "death charge." (U.S. Marine Corps Museum) Tarawa by Tom Lovell Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

13. Map: Closing the Circle on Japan, 1942-1945 Closing the Circle on Japan, 1942-1945 Following the Battle of Midway, with the invasion of Guadalcanal (August 1942), American forces began the costly process of island hopping. This map shows the paths of the American campaign in the Pacific, closing the circle on Japan. After the Soviet Union entered the war and Hiroshima and Nagasaki were destroyed by atomic bombs, Japan surrendered on August 15, 1945. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

14. Gen. Douglas MacArthur Supreme Commander of Allies in Pacific Utilized “island hopping” Brilliant strategist 1/10 kill ratio US/Jap. Put in charge of governing Japan after WWII Led US forces in Korean War Fired by Truman for insubordination http://www.e-yliko.gr/Fyyl/Istoria/prosopawwarII/Douglas%20MacArthur.gif

15. WWII: Pacific Theatre Act III Oct. 1944: Battle of Leyte Gulf (final destruction of J navy) Jan.-July 1945-: Liberation of Philippines March 1945: Iwo Jima April-June 1945: Okinawa (Kamikaze) July 1945: Potsdam Conference (US, UK, USSR’s ultimatum) Aug. 6, 1945: Hiroshima – 180,000 deaths Aug. 9, 1945: Nagasaki – 80,000 deaths Sep. 2, 1945: V-J Day

16. Kamikaze “divine wind” Used in Battle of Leyte Gulf, Philippines 424 kamikaze pilots sunk 16 ships, damaged 80 Similar suicidal resistance shown by Japanese army on Iwo Jima, Okinawa Okinawa: 1900 kamikaze attacks sink 30 ships, damage 300, kill 5,000 sailors http://www.rotten.com/library/death/kamikaze/kamikaze.jpg

17. Triumph and Tragedy in the Pacific June 21, 1945: U.S. captured Okinawa, complete control of Pacific, defeat of Japan only a matter of time May–August: Intense air attacks on Japan Manhattan Project offered way to crush Japan without invasion –August 6: Atom bomb destroyed Hiroshima –August 9: Atom bomb destroyed Nagasaki August 14: Japan surrenders

18. Manhattan Project http://www.cfo.doe.gov/me70/manhattan/images/OppenheimeBlackboardLarge.jpg Secret project to develop atomic bomb Racing Germans and Soviets Began in 1942 Scientists organized by J. Robert Oppenheimer (above right) many scientists are refugees from fascist countries Bombs use plutonium and uranium 235 First bomb, “Trinity,” tested July 16, 1945 near Alamogordo, NM – beginning of atomic age http://www.cfo.doe.gov/me70/manhattan/images/TrinityLarge.jpg

19. TRUMAN TRUMAN REPLACES FDR VET OF WWI MISSOURI HIGH SCHOOL EDUCATION COMES TO POLITICS AFTER FAILING AT BUSINESS WHO DOES HE REMIND YOU OF? http://www.cia.gov/csi/monograph/firstln/955pres12.gif

20. Island Bases in Marianas and on Iwo Jima provided strategic staging areas for the bombing of Japan and dropping of the bomb. http:// www.mbe.doe.gov/me70/manhattan/potsdam_decision.htm

21. Hiroshima & Nagasaki

22. World War II in the Pacific

23. War Aims and Wartime Diplomacy Yalta Conference February, 1945 –Agreement let Soviets control elections in Eastern Europe –Soviets agreed to enter war against Japan 3 months after Germany surrendered April 12, 1945: Death of FDR

24. YALTA: February 1945 Last meeting of the Big Three Stalin joins fight against Japan USSR gets Manchuria, Kuril, Sakhalin Founding of the United Nations, based on Atlantic Charter What is it? Pact? Agreement? Sell-out? Is it Versailles? Is it Munich? Or…?

25. The Transforming Power of War U.S. the most powerful nation on earth Unprecedented economic prosperity Federal government a permanent force in daily life

26. New World Order (?) Nuremburg Trials: 1945 –Trial of Nazi and German Military Leaders –Foundations of International Human Rights New Crimes: –Crimes against Humanity –Crimes against Geneva Convention Division of Germany among “Big Four” –US, UK, USSR, and France –East and West Germany Military Administration of Germany and Japan –Gen. MacArthur runs Japan, writes democratic constitution