1. LVP-VOC Aliphatic Solvents
Chris Miano Technical Services Manager Calumet Specialty Products Partners, L.P Indianapolis, Indiana

2. LVP-VOC Aliphatic Solvents
Dissolve other substances without chemically changing them
Inert under conditions of use
Act as a carrier for insolubles
Aliphatics (normal, acyclic alkane mixtures)

3. Normal Paraffins Saturated straight chain molecules
All four single bonding requirements are met
18 or more carbon atoms solid at room temperature
High pour points
Low solvency
Highest oxidative stability
Resistant to oxidation C H

4. Isoparaffins Branched chain molecules Lower pour point
Slightly higher solvency than normal paraffins H H C H H C C H H H C H H

5. Cyclic Hydrocarbons Naphthenes Aromatics Saturated (Cyclohexane)
Low pour point
High solvency
Lower oxidative stability
Aromatics
Unsaturated (Benzene)
Highest solvency
Lowest oxidative stability

6. Aliphatic Solvent Chemical Composition
Complex mixtures of four types of hydrocarbons
Normal paraffins (Wax)
Isoparaffins (Branched liquid wax)
Naphthenes (Saturated ring structures)
Aromatics (Unsaturated ring structures)
Ratios of each structure affect the properties

7. Terms Viscosity – measure of oil’s flow characteristics
Boiling range – lowest temperature at which a hydrocarbon will boil to point at which it completely vaporizes
Kauri-Butanol Value – measures solvency power
Specific gravity – ratio of the weight of a given volume of product at 60°F to the weight of an equal volume of water at the same temperature
Flash point – minimum temperature at which sufficient vapor is present to ignite if an ignition source is present

8. Typical Carbon Number Distributions

9. Straight Run / Hydrotreated Distillates
Straight run distillate
Hydrotreated distillates
Crude D I S
Liquified petroleum gas
VMP Regular
Mineral Spirits Regular
Solvent
600 Solvent
650 Solvent
Residue
C4-C5
Iso-C6
n–C6
(VM&P)
142 Flash D I S H T F R A C
Crude

10. LVP-VOC Definition
“LVP-VOC” means a chemical “compound” or “mixture” that contains at least one carbon atom and meets one of the following:
(A) has a vapor pressure less than 0.1 mm Hg at 20°C, as determined by ARB Method 310; or
(B) is a chemical “compound” with more than 12 carbon atoms, or a chemical “mixture” comprised solely of “compounds” with more than 12 carbon atoms, as verified by formulation data, and the vapor pressure and boiling point are unknown; or 
(C) is a chemical “compound” with a boiling point greater than 216°C, as determined by ARB Method 310; or
(D) is the weight percent of a chemical “mixture” that boils above 216°C, as determined by ARB Method For the purposes of the definition of LVP-VOC, chemical “compound” means a molecule of definite chemical formula and isomeric structure, and chemical “mixture” means a substance comprised of two or more chemical “compounds.”

11. Food Contact Regulation Compliance
21 CFR Odorless light petroleum hydrocarbons
21 CFR (b) – Technical Mineral Oil
21 CFR (c) – Mineral Oil
21 CFR – Incidental Food Contact
Prop 65 / HAPS Compliant

12. Solvents – Example Applications
Food Contact Applications
Aluminum Rolling oils (food contact)
Adhesives (food contact)
Plasticizers (food contact)
Household cleaning products
Automotive solvents
Charcoal lighter fluid
Degreasers
Lamp oil
Mineral seal oil
Printing ink and packaging (food contact)
EPA Pesticide Inerts (pre- and post-harvest)
Water treatment chemicals
Drilling fluids (IMPORTANT--not detectable at the EPA Drinking Water MCLs for Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylenes)
Multitude of FDA, CARB-exempt, EPA VOC-exempt applications

13. LVP-VOC Applications

14. Thank you.
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