1. MOTORS

2. Definition Of Motor That powered by electricity or internal combustion, that supplies motive power for a vehicle or for some other device. A device that converts any form of energy into mechanical energy, especially an internal-combustion engine or an arrangement of coils and magnets that converts electric current into mechanical power.

3. Types of motors DC Motor Stepper motor Servo motor Stepper motor DC Motor Servo motor

4. DC Motor The simplest DC rotating machine consists of a single loop of wire rotating about a fixed axis. The magnetic field is supplied by the North and South poles of the magnet. Rotor is the rotating part; Stator is the stationary part.

5. Supply to Motor This motor have two terminal to which you can connect your power supply. After providing supply, it will be start rotating. If you want to rotate in reverse direction than simply reverse the power supply connection of motor. It means motor is bipolar device. Based upon the architecture current ratings of every motor is different and the we will use in our practical that will take approx 1Amp current.

6. Necessary Medium To Operate We are working on microcontroller and the maximum output current that it can provide is 20mA. But our motor works on 1Amp current so to remove this problem we will have to connect motor driver IC L293D in between the microcontroller and motor. This IC will provide the sufficient current to drive the dc motor Also it will not affect the performance of the controller.

7. Motor Driver L293D is a dual H-Bridge motor driver.

8. With one IC, two DC motors can be interfaced which can be controlled in both clockwise and counter clockwise directions and its direction of motion can also be fixed. L293D has output current of 600mA and peak output current of 1.2A per channel. The output supply (VCC2) has a wide range from 4.5V to 36V.

9. Pin Description Pin No Function Name 1Enable pin for Motor 1; active highEnable 1,2 2Input 1 for Motor 1Input 1 3Output 1 for Motor 1Output 1 4Ground (0V)Ground 5Ground (0V)Ground 6Output 2 for Motor 1Output 2 7Input 2 for Motor 1Input 2 8Supply voltage for Motors; 9-12V (up to 36V) Vcc 2 9Enable pin for Motor 2; active highEnable 3,4 10Input 1 for Motor 1Input 3 11Output 1 for Motor 1Output 3 12Ground (0V)Ground 13Ground (0V)Ground 14Output 2 for Motor 1Output 4 15Input2 for Motor 1Input 4 16Supply voltage; 5V (up to 36V)Vcc 1

10. Working The motor operations of two motors can be controlled by input logic at pins 2 & 7 and 10 & 15. Input logic 00 or 11 will stop the corresponding motor. Logic 01 and 10 will rotate it in clockwise and anticlockwise directions, respectively. Enable pins 1 and 9 must be high for motors to start operating. When an enable input is high, the associated driver gets enabled. As a result, the outputs become active and work in phase with their inputs.