1. The Cold War in Asia

2. The US felt they had a commitment to Philippines, Japan, and China, and wanted to restore peace, help Asians resist foreign rule, and restore Asian trade with the world.

3. I. Philippines A. Became the independent Republic of the Philippines on July 4, 1946 B. Early years of independence were dominated by U.S.-assisted postwar reconstruction. C. A communist-inspired Huk Rebellion (1945-53) complicated recovery efforts but was suppressed under the leadership of a new president and military aid from the U.S.

4. A.At the Potsdam Conference, the “Big 3” decided that after WWII: 1.Japan militarists should be punished and Japan disarmed. 2.Japanese rule should be restricted to their homeland. 3.Japanese should be reeducated to form a republican government. II. The Occupation in Japan

5. B. General Douglas MacArthur was named Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers and carried out the Potsdam Declaration. C. The Allies intended to make Japan pay war damages; however they did not have the money or the resources. Instead, they received $2 billion in aid and gained back their independence.

6. D. U.S. forces will occupy Japan from 1945- 1952. 1. Emperor Hirohito remained in power but was nothing more than a figurehead. 2. A new constitution was adopted. It provided for a democratic gov’t where women could vote and people could have freedom of religion. 3. Japan will retreat from militarism and instead focus on technology and industry.

7. Japan

8. How might the actions that the U.S. took to stabilize Japan after the war affect future relations of the two nations? Tell me what YOU think…

9. III. COMMUNIST REVOLUTION IN CHINA 1945-1949

10. A. JAPANESE DEMOBILIZATION FROM CHINA 1. As Japanese militarists were forced to leave occupied areas in China after WWII, Communist and Nationalist Parties of China, which had been fighting for over two decades, scrambled to seize territory. 2. Both parties were more interested in the arsenals and the technology left by Japan than the actual land itself.

11. B. COMMUNISTS 1. Leader: Mao Zedong 2. Located in the Northeast 3.Mao Zedong gained popularity amongst the Chinese because he gave land to peasants, and he fought against the Japanese occupation.

12. C.NATIONALISTS 1. Leader: Chiang Kai-Shek 2. Located in the South 3. US sent 50,000 troops to help secure the Nationalists’ power.

13. D. CIVIL WAR IN CHINA 1. General George C. Marshall traveled to China in Dec 1945 to arrange a truce between the two parties, but they would not compromise. 2. Nationalists attacked Communists in July, 1946, and the Civil War began.

14. 3. Nationalists & Communists fought in China: a. Mao’s forces took over much of China & weakened the Nationalists b. US felt they should focus foreign- aid on helping Western Europe against Stalin, rather than saving China.

15. E. COMMUNIST VICTORY 1. Even with US support, the Nationalists fell to Mao’s troops. 2. October of 1949: Communists established the People’s Republic of China.

16. 3. Nationalists retreated to the island of Taiwan.

17. 4. The US refused to recognize their government, claiming that the Nationalists were the legal government of China. 5. US refused to let Mao’s government gain a seat in the United Nations. 6.This made the Soviet Union upset. (USSR will boycott UN for a time…)

18. IV. War in Korea Begins

19. The Shifting Map of Korea [1950-1953]

20. A. When Japan surrendered in WWII, they were forced to leave Korea, which they had occupied since 1910. B. The US and the USSR divided Korea at the 38 th parallel. In 1948, each side sets up its own government.

21. Democratic People’s Republic of Korea North Supported by USSR Communist gov’t Leader Kim Il Sung Republic of Korea South Supported by US Capitalist Leader Syngman Rhee

22. C. UN recognized the South Korean government as the government of all Korea. D. Korea was considered outside the defense perimeter, and US withdrew its troops in 1948. E. June 25, 1950- North Korea troops invaded South Korea.

23. F. UN ordered North Korea to withdraw- they did not; U.S. and UN respond by sending troops – will be under the command of General MacArthur. G. After a daring amphibious operation at Inchon, the U.S. troops were successful at pushing the North Koreans back across the 38 th parallel.

24. H. The South then has a decision to make: cross over the 38 th parallel, pushing the North back, or not??? Truman gives MacArthur permission to push northward. I. Late in 1950, the US received a new blow: 300,000 Chinese troops arrived to help North Korea; MacArthur’s troops were pushed back.

26. V. Disagreement Between Truman & MacArthur A.MacArthur wanted the US to bomb China and help Chiang Kai-shek invade China from Taiwan B.Truman did not want to risk another world war and forbade this action!! C.MacArthur tried to bypass the pres by receiving Congressional support; Truman fired MacArthur for insubordination!

27. VI. End of the Korean War a. From 1951-on, the war bogged down in a stalemate. b. Dwight Eisenhower became president in 1953. The former general campaigned to end the Korean War. c.Eisenhower hinted to the Chinese and North Koreans – “peace or else”

28. d. June 1953 – a ceasefire was signed; Korea was left divided. e. The DMZ is one of the most heavily guarded borders in the world

29. VII. Results of War A.Costly for the US- we lost more than 54,000 troops ! B.Many neutral nations drew closer to US C.Some noncommunist nations began to arm for their own defense.

30. D. The war represented an important shift in US Cold War policy. By 1950, a loss to communism anywhere was thought of as a loss everywhere! E.During the Korean War, the first integrated units fought in the U.S. army.

32. THE COLD WAR IS NOT OVER … It will last 40 more years, 7 more Presidents…