1. 1 Prospects for tagging at high luminosities at LHC Marek Taševský (Inst. of Physics Prague) Forward physics - Prague 30/01 2008 Forward and diffraction physics FP420 project RP220 project

2. 2 Energy flow and acceptance Energy flows forwards and undetected by central calorimeters Main CMS/ATLAs detectors Lots of interesting physics would remain undiscovered Equip the forward region by detectors

3. 3 Rich program for Forward Physics Diffraction F 2 p at very low x Two-photon interactions - Absolute lumi calibration - Calibration, resolution for FPS - Factorization breaking in hard diffr. Underlying event/Multiple interactions Long dist. Correl. in rap. (need to cover fwd region) Huge differences for diff. generators and diff. tunes Average mult. transv. to leading jet at LHC Saturation at very low x ? Evidence for CEP ? [C.Buttar et al., HERA-LHC proc.]

4. 4 Central Exclusive Diffraction: Higgs production b, W H - Khoze, Martin, Ryskin hep-ph/0111078 - Central system is 0 ++ - If you see a new particle produced exclusively and with proton tags you know its quantum numbers - Roman Pots give much better mass resolution than central detector Discovery difficult in SM but well possible in MSSM Pile-up is issue for Diffraction at LHC! But can be kept under control ! 5sigma contours:H→bb, mhmax scen., μ=-500GeV [Heinemayer, Khoze, Ryskin, Stirling, M.T., Weiglein] Log S/B pu Offline cuts Rejection power [CMS-Totem : Prospects for Diffractive and Fwd physics at LHC]

5. 5 Forward detectors at LHC 14 m 16 m 14 0 m 1 4 7 m - 2 2 0 m 4 2 0 m I P 1 I P 5 TOTEM -T2 CASTOR ZDC/FwdCal TOTEM-RP FP420 LUCID ZDC ALFA/RP220 FP420

6. 6 Proton taggers for high luminosity 14 m 16 m 14 0 m 1 4 7 m - 2 2 0 m 4 2 0 m I P 1 I P 5 TOTEM-RP FP420 RP220 FP420

7. 7 Proton taggers for high luminosity At CMS: TOTEM: Roman Pots at 147 and 220m Excellent coverage in  and t at low luminosity optics (  *=90, 1540m) [talk of M.Deile] Coverage 0.02<  <0.2 at high luminosity optics (  *=0.5m) At ATLAS: RP220 Roman Pots (of Totem design) at 220m Coverage similar to TOTEM at high luminosity optics At CMS and ATLAS: FP420: R&D project, aim to instrument region at 420m 0.002<  <0.02 (high luminosity optics only) detectors@420m FP420 TOTEM - RP220 x L =P’/P beam =  Log  Logt  *=0.5

8. 8 Michigan State Univ. Univ. of Chicago, Argonne (timing det.)

9. 9 TOTEM on CMS side RP220 on ATLAS side FP420 How to measure the protons Cold region of LHC Too far for L1 trigger FP420 (ATLAS)

10. 10 Roman Pot acceptances for Totem and CMS [CMS-TOTEM: Prospects for Diffractive and Fwd physics at LHC]

11. 11 Acceptance for RP220 and FP420 at ATLAS [W.Plano and P.Bussey, FP420]

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13. 13 Integration into LHC structure Diffraction protons deflected horizontally and away from the ring Only horizontal pots from outside needed! BEAM 2 Diffraction p’s deflected horizontally but inside the ring [A.Kupčo, RP220]

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17. 17 Tracking - Resolutions Requirements: Close to the beam => edgeless detectors High lumi operation => very radiation hard Beam en.smearing σ E = 0.77 GeV Few μm precision, 1μrad precision Beam spot smearing σ x,y = 10 μm Suppress pile-up => add fast timing det. Detector angular resolution = 1, 2 μrad ATLAS, 1.5 mm (220) and 5 mm (420) from beam [P.Bussey, FP420]

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19. 19 First FP420 3D detectors

20. 20 Candidates for tracking detectors for RP220 Baseline: “3D” Pixels detectors (S. Parker) Under development for FP420 Stanford, VTT, Sintef Backup: Silicon strips: Experienced technology Canberra, Hamamatsu Jean-François Genat, RP220 meeting, Oct 17-19th 2007 Krakow, Poland Readout chip (ATLAS) 50  m strips (Canberra) Semi-3D detector (VTT, Finland) 3D (Stanford)

21. 21 Silicon strips tests in Prague (July 2007) -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Current (nA) 1316191121151181211 Voltage (V) One strip Canberra detectors: Reverse current measurement depending on the strip position typically 25 nA OK. Further tests need a full detector wire-bonded and biased. Breakdown voltage 110-130 V OK Jean-François Genat, RP220 meeting, Oct 17-19th 2007 Krakow, Poland

22. 22 3D Silicon detector layout for RP220

23. 23 3D Detectors Layout for Horiz. Pots 14 mm 240 mm 2 mm Beam < 40 mm Existing FP 420 modules No dead zone with 100  m Y, and 3mm X overlaps J-F Genat, RP220 Prague Meeting, Jan 24-25th 2008 Integration: Expertise at Manchester FP420: Scott Kolya Ray Thompson

24. 24 Fast timing detectors Fast development on several fronts for several applications ! FP420 and RP220 need to reduce PILE-UP background heavily At least for H->bb: overlay of 3 events (2 SD + non-diffr. dijets) fakes signal perfectly and with prob. 10 10 x higher than signal. Can be reduced by applying strict central-matching-RP conditions + fast timing det. 10ps (2-3mm) resol. may separate different vertices Rejection of up to 40 FP420: UTA/ Alberta/ FNAL/ Louvain: first tests with Quartic det. RP220: collaboration with Univ. Chicago, Stony Brook, Argonne and Photonis see also workshop on timing det.: Saclay, 8-9.3.2007, http://www-d0.fnal.gov/royon/timing 200 GHz electronics MultiChannel Plates Simul. tools [A.Kupčo and M.T]

25. 25 Level 1 Trigger FP420: cannot be put directly into L1 – only in special runs with larger L1 latency available triggers: 2j, μ (L1 threshold for 2μ is 3 GeV), e, j+lepton - μ-triggers can save up to 20% of bb signal - WW signal saved by lepton triggers RP220: Can be put into L1: A BIG added value to FP420! Very similar trigger rates as for foreseen CMS-TOTEM L1 trigger: CMS-TOTEM L1 trigger STUDY RP220 L1 trigger study Total reduction: 10 (RP) x 2 (jet isol) x 2 (2 jets same hemisph as p) = 40 E T jet > 40 && RP220-1side [A.Pilkington, FP420] [A.Kupčo, RP220] [M.Grothe et al., CMS Note 2006-054]

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36. 36 Machine induced background Horizontal beam profiles for nominal beam optics and momentum spread σ beam1 = 250 μm σ beam2 = 180 μm RP220: SIGNAL/Background ~ 10

37. 37 Design for RP220 Design for RP220 not yet fixed. Still need to consider: 1)Alignment and calibration: BPMs themselves should be quite precise (about 10 μm?). But we need physics processes to cross-check and also for the detector calibration. The price for that is high: 2 additional vertical RPs. 2) Fast timing detector: not enough space in the current RP (Totem) design because fast timing det. need large radiators to collect a good number of photons → put movable beam pipe behind RP 3) Size of 3D-Si sensors: what is the best size of sensors in the (x,y) -region of interest wrt yield? 4) L1 trigger: 3D-Si: standard pixel trigger is just YES/NO for the full detector, while we need to know which strip is hit at L1 to measure ξ or mass at L1 → needs to develop a new trigger card. Si-strips: needs to include trigger in ABCNext chip, unfortunately not first priority for CERN

38. 38 FP420 and RP220 Timetable FP420 is currently an R&D collaboration between ATLAS, CMS and non-affiliated groups In addition, there is a strong complementary program to upgrade the 220 region with horizontal pots at ATLAS, which adds significant value to FP420 Proposal to ATLAS for a sub-detector upgrade in Spring 2008 for 420m and 220m upgrades If accepted by ATLAS (and/or CMS) this would lead to TDR from experiment to LHCC in Spring 2008 FP420 cryostat and baseline detectors designed to be ready in Autumn 2009 RP220 Roman Pots and baseline detectors designed to be ready in Autumn 2010 Or RP220 on one side and FP420 on the other. 220m and 420m tagging detectors have the potential to add significantly to the discovery reach of ATLAS and CMS for modest cost, particularly in certain regions of MSSM. Besides the discovery physics, there is a rich QCD and EW physics program

39. 39 B A C K U P S L I D E S

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42. 42 RP220 in L1 [P. Le Du, RP220]