1. BME 273 Senior Design Project Group 25 “MEMs in the Market”

2. Problem Drug companies demand a MEMs device that allows mobile, On-Chip drug testing, but at this point, that demand has not been met

3. Primary Objective Our primary objective is to create a MEMs On-Chip dual cell culture device at the pico-liter volume scale that allows for automated cell culturing and sensing for the testing of drugs and other perfused substances.

4. Goals Primary goal: Create two cell cultures, each 720 pico-liter volumes, on one chip according to previous specifications Create two cell cultures, each 720 pico-liter volumes, on one chip according to previous specifications Show that these cell cultures allow for cells to retain life during experiments Show that these cell cultures allow for cells to retain life during experiments Secondary goals: Create On-Chip sensors that allow us to sense the metabolism/response of cells to different stimuli (i.e., drugs) Create On-Chip sensors that allow us to sense the metabolism/response of cells to different stimuli (i.e., drugs)

5. Solution Original

6. Solution Primary Design: (picture)

7. Solution Continued

8. Solution Secondary Design:

9. Solution Experimental Methods: Load cells into device Begin perfusion Wait 24 hrs., 48 hrs., etc. At different times periods test cell viability via fluorescence Test fluorescence via imaging

10. Materials Polydimethlysiloxane (PDMS) Negative Resist (SU-8) Silicon Wafers MEMS laboratory 8 mm masks Platinum (working electrodes) Silver (reference Ag/AgCl electrodes)

11. Fabrication Steps Lay down SU-8 on silicon wafer, expose using mask, and develop lower region for cell insertion and perfusion. Cast PDMS replica of master Lay down SU-8 on silicon wafer, expose using mask, and develop upper region for pneumatic control of cell insertion channels. Cast PDMS replica of master and then lay over top of lower region

12. Business Strategy Objective: Developing a strategy to market this BioMEMS device to major drug companies

13. Main Focus Points Cost efficiency Currently, $400-800 million and 10 years per drug Currently, $400-800 million and 10 years per drug Lower cost due to decrease in reagent and labor usage Lower cost due to decrease in reagent and labor usage <$1 per BioMEMS chip <$1 per BioMEMS chip Scale up the number of cell cultures per experiment Higher speed  faster experiments Higher speed  faster experiments Greater control and modularity Portable experimentation Portable experimentation

14. Market Barriers Government regulation of medical devices Reluctance of pharmaceutical industry to universally invest lots of money Lack of funding for BioMEMS start-up companies Scaling up production of prototypes

15. Market Potential Worldwide MEMS market estimate (in billions of $) 2003 3.85 2004 4.5 2005 5.4 2006 6.2 2007 7 (in billions of $) 2003 3.85 2004 4.5 2005 5.4 2006 6.2 2007 7 Source: Yole Development 2005 forecast MEMS markets by sector Automotive 41% Telecom 29% Bio-med 16% Military 3% Other 11% Source: Peripheral Research Corp, Santa Barbara, Calif.

16. Industry Contacts Pfizer Johnson & Johnson Novartis MEMS Industry Group Microchips, Inc. ISSYS Boehringer Ingelheim Affymetrix, Inc. Caliper Life Sciences Cepheid Orchid Cellmark Roger H. Grace Author “The New MEMS and Their Killer Apps” Author “The New MEMS and Their Killer Apps” http://finance.yahoo.com

17. References Fabrication of miniature Clark oxygen sensor integrated with microstructure Ching-Chou Wu, Tomoyuki Yasukawa, Hitoshi Shiku, Tomokazu Matsue Ching-Chou Wu, Tomoyuki Yasukawa, Hitoshi Shiku, Tomokazu Matsue A BioMEMS Review: MEMS Technology for Physiologically Integrated Devices AMY C. RICHARDS GRAYSON, REBECCA S. SHAWGO, AUDREY M. JOHNSON, NOLAN T. FLYNN, YAWEN LI, MICHAEL J. CIMA, AND ROBERT LANGER AMY C. RICHARDS GRAYSON, REBECCA S. SHAWGO, AUDREY M. JOHNSON, NOLAN T. FLYNN, YAWEN LI, MICHAEL J. CIMA, AND ROBERT LANGER