2. Ethnic groups

3. Question: China is a multiethnic country, how does it unite its 56 ethnic groups?China is a multiethnic country, how does it unite its 56 ethnic groups?

4. What are the defining elements of an ethnic group?  Language  Homeland  Social values

5. Ethnic groups 8.41%, 106.43million Ethnic groups 8.41%, 106.43million Han people 91.59% 1159.4million Han people 91.59% 1159.4million

6. Chinese Minorities

7. What is the ethnic policy in China?  Equality  Unity  Mutual assistance  Common prosperity

8. Han people  Chinese language (spoken and written language)—Chinese-Tibetan language family  Main occupation---agriculture  China’s main great inventions--- compass, papermaking, printing and gunpowder

9.  Han culture--- Confucianism, Ancester worship, Chinese religions (Buddhism, Taoism, Roman Catholocism, Christianism and Islamism)  Origin---Han Dynasty (Huaxia)

10. The 55 minority groups are: Achang, Bai, Mongolian, Mulam, Naxi, Nu, Oroqen, Ozbek, Pumi, Qiang, Russian, Salar, She, Shui, Tatar, Tajik, Tibetan, Tu, Tujia, Uygur, Wa, Xibe, Yao, Yi, Yugur, Zhuang Blang, Bonan, Bouyei, Dai, Daur, De'ang, Dong, Dongxiang, Dulong, Ewenki, Gaoshan, Gelo, Hani, Hezhe, Hui, Jing, Jino, Jingpo, Kazak, Kirgiz, Korean, Lahu, Li, Lisu, Lhoba, Manchu, Maonan, Miao, Moinba,. Tips: 53 ethnic groups use spoken languages of their own, and 23 ethnic groups have their own written languages.

11. Zhuang Ethnic Minority  China’s largest ethnic minority;  Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Yunnan, Guangdong, Guizhou, and Hunan provinces;  Language---Zhuang-Dai branch of Zhuang-Dong Austronesian, part of the Chinese-Tibetan Phylum, Chinese language

12.  Origin---Song dynasty; 1958; 1964  Main occupation---agriculture (paddy, corn)  Folk literature---legends, fairy tales, stories and ballads  Religion---polytheists, worshipping things like giant rocks, old trees, high mountains, land, dragons, snakes, birds and ancestors; (Taoism and Buddhism)

13.  Festivals---the Spring Festivals, the Mid- autumn Festival, the Dragon Boat Festival, the Devil Festival. The Cattle Soul Festival, the Feasting Festival, and the Singing Festival (on the third of the third lunar month )

14. Hui Ethnic Minority  The one of the largest ethnic minority groups and the most widely distributed ethnic minority;  The Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Gansu, Qinghai, Henan, Hebei, Shandong and Yunnan provinces and the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.  Language---Chinese  Origin---the 7th century

15.  Main occupation--- agriculture (livestock), trade handicraft (jewelry, jade and bullion)  Religion---the Islamic religion  Architecture---mosque  Festivals---the Kaizhai Festival, Corban Festival and Almsgiving Festival

16.  the entire month of September  the first day of October The Kaizhai Festival

17. Tibetan Ethnic Minority  Language---the Tibetan language, the Tibetan script  Tibet Autonomous Region, Qinghai, Gansu, Sichuan and Yunnan provinces  Origin---King Songzan Gampo

18.  Main occupation--- stockbreeding, and agriculture (highland barley, sheep, goat and yak-Boat of the Plateau)  Architecture---unique in style, with building neatly arranged or rising like magnificent towers and castles The Potala Palace

19.  Religion---Lamaism(a branch of Buddhism) Dalai Lama XIV the 11th Panchen Lama

20.  Festivals---The Tibetan New Year, the Shoton Festival, the Great Prayer Festival, the Butter Lamp Festival, the Saga Dawa Festival, the Gyangtse Horse-race Festival, the Nakchu Horse-Race Festival, and the Yarlung Culture Festival.

21.  The Tibetan calendar  Food: zanba(roasted qingke barley flour with butter), gudu/guthug(wheat flour), qingke wine(highland barely)  The greatest festival celebrated on the highest plateau in the world (Page 182) The Tibetan New Year

22. Mongolian Ethnic Minority  The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Xinjiang, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Gansu, Sichuan, Ningxia, Yunnan and Qinghai provinces  Language---Mongolian, the Mongolian script

23.  Origin---Genghis Khan  Main occupation-- -agriculture and industries (Kumiss and roasted mutton)  Religion--- Shamanists Lamaism

24.  Festival---the Nadam Festival, the Bai Festival(The Mongolian New Year)

25. Nadam Fair  A traditional festival observed by the Mongolian people who inhabit Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Qinghai and Xinjiang.  “Nadam”--- “recreation”or “games”(Han Dynasty)  Men’s three events---horse racing, wrestling, and archery  Fair

26. Uygur Ethnic Minority  Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Hunan Province  Language---the Altaic family  Origin--- Western region( 西域 )

27.  Main occupation---agriculture (growing cotton, breeding silkworms, and spinning and weaving)  Culture---folk tales, parables, comedies, poems and proverbs, dances(“Bowls-on- Head Dance”, “Drum Dance,etc.)  Religion---Islam

28.  Festival---The Corban Festival(Zaishengjie) (page 180), the Kaizhai Festival and the Nuolu Festival  “Corban”--- “sacrifice” or “dedication”  Origin---Ibrahim(the Prophet), Allah, Ismail  Customs---bathe, pray, and watch the ceremony for sacrificing animals, etc.

29. 1.How many ethnic minority groups are there in China? 2.How many ethnic minority groups in China do you know? Where do most of them live?