1. Progressive Education

2. 1800s Civil War era: Half received SOME form of education, only 10% AA 1870: only 2% graduated from high school Very few went to college Most left school to help earn money for family

3. Change in early 1900s Industrialization and urbanization called for new skills School used by working class to develop better workers in factories and businesses, not for them to really learn and ask questions Child labor laws implemented: 1900, 32 states had laws requiring children 8 to 14 to attend school 1910: 60% in school

6. Immigrant education Valued public school highly – different from what they came from Taught assimilation –Cleanliness, patriotism, American games, cooking –Has stayed the same until recent years – bilingual education, Ebonics, etc... Should we teach American culture or become more “multicultural?”

7. Minority Education Far worse: “We got the greasy, torn, dog- eared book; they got the new ones. They had a field day in the city park; we had it on a furrowed stubby hillside. They got wide mention in the newspaper; we got a paragraph at the bottom…We came to know that whatever we had was always inferior.”

8. Higher Education 1880-1900 over 250 new colleges and universities opened in U.S. (Stanford, U. of Chicago) 1865, Vassar, 1 st women’s college Coeducation increased 1863 – U. of Wisconsin: all women had to stand until male students had seats Average family income under $1,000, few could afford, males got most scholarships Prejudice against educated women (too independent, unmarriageable, unacceptable friends)

9. AA in college Some began accepting AA Fisk and Howard founded for AA men and women Only 30 black women in college in 1891! Only 160 total But by 1900, over 2,000 had graduated from 34 AA colleges Review: Booker T. Washington – win acceptance of whites through economics and doing what they permit W.E.B. DuBois – have pride in heritage and not define yourself how whites define

10. Recreation Rural: Time in play is time wasted Cities: we need to relax! Most popular: Saloons – 10,000 in NYC Provided: entertainment, ethnic ties, neighborhood ties, political alliances (mostly for men) Women preferred cabarets and dance halls

12. Trolley parks were popular (one from Tacoma to Lakewood) Moving pictures – Great Train Robbery Sports – boxing, horseracing, and most popular baseball – Cincinnati Red Stockings AA excluded until 1947- Jackie Robinson Football becoming popular Women: ice skating, bicycling (liberated women from old style clothing, corsets), croquet 1891 James Naismith invents basketball

15. Vaudeville – inexpensive theater: animal acts, jugglers, magicians, singers, and skits Theater – popular in cities, most preferred melodramas (villain a wealthy aristocrat, hero and heroine represent honest hard working-class people Newspapers: 24 million copies a day by 1899. Sold for pennies. Yellow journalism, comics Literature: more demand now, many about evil upper class, sensationalism, one of the most popular was book about “What would Jesus do?” Parks became important

17. AA Culture Spirituals popular Ragtime – Scott Joplin (ice cream) Jazz becomes very popular (1915 phonograph) – came from New Orleans funeral bands Minstrel shows 1840s to 1880s (black face, portrayed blacks as foolish imitators of white culture-stupid, clumsy,etc…) spread stereotypes

20. Victorianism Named for Queen Victoria 1836-1901 Moral and proper behavior Self-control essential for social progress Amusements and unsupervised mixing of sexes seen as vulgar

21. Questions 1.How did the growth of cities and industry change education? 2.What was the purpose of the first schools? 3.What were schools trying to accomplish with immigrants? 4.Why would people in the city want to have more leisure time? 5.What were two of the things people did for fun?