1. ISUAL Sprite Imager Interface and Status Review Stewart Harris

2. NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar 20012 Outline Imager Overview Interface Details Design and Fabrication Status

3. NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar 20013 Imager Objectives Provide high temporal and spatial resolution imaging of Sprites and other emissions related to lightning storms Provide imaging of aurora and airglow

4. NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar 20014 Imager Optical Path

5. NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar 20015 Optical Specifications Filters –1:660 - 900 nm notch at 756 - 790 –2:762 nm –3:427.8 nm –4:630 nm –5:557.7 nm –6:400 - 900 nm IR/thermal block

6. NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar 20016 Optical Specifications, con’t. Lens –Focal length:61.8 mm –Field of View:±10º (h) (20º full angle) –Focal ratio:f/1.56 –Image size:21.4 mm horizontal –Spectral band:420 - 780 nm –Spot Diameter:on-axis:16  m (80% encircled energy) 7º:22  m 10º:30  m (Note: Input pixel size:41.8  m)

7. NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar 20017 Detector specifications Image Intensifier –Type:25 mm Gen II –Manufacturer:DEP –Photocathode:Super S25, 6 mm quartz window –MCP:Single, 100 ns gating –Phosphor:P46, fiber optic window 2 µs decay time constant Fiber Optic Taper –Input diameter25.0 mm –Output diameter14.4 mm –Ratio1.74 : 1

8. NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar 20018 Detector specifications, con’t. CCD –Type:1024 x 1024, frame transfer –Manufacturer:Dalsa, IA-D4 –Antiblooming:Vertical anti-blooming (VAB) –Primary mode:512 x128 (binned 2x2 and masked) –Pixel size (unbinned):12 µm x 12 µm –Pixel size (binned):24 µm x 24 µm –# of Outputs:2 –Pixel readout rate:8 MHz

9. NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar 20019 CCD Block Diagram IA-D4 Image Sensor Image Area Storage Area Output

10. NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar 200110 CCD Active Area Masking Imaging Earth Limb –Narrow, 4:1 Aspect Ratio –CCD Active Area –Mask applied to f/o taper –Size: 1024 x 256 (unbinned) –Size: 512 x 128 (binned) –FOV: 20° x 5º Top view of Dalsa CCD with f/o window

11. NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar 200111 Imager Mechanical Layout

12. NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar 200112 Imager Connector Locator J1 Imager Electrical Board J4 Phosphor High Voltage J3 MCP High Voltage J2 Front End Electronics

13. NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar 200113 Imager Electrical Board Functions Connections –Thermistors TEC hot side Lens (front and rear) Filter Wheel Filter Motor Daylight Sensor Survival (spacecraft) –Heater Circuits Lens (front and rear) Filter Wheel Survival (spacecraft) –Thermoelectric Cooler (TEC) Power controlled from AEP –Stim Source Active Electronics –Photocathode Power Supply On/off control Gate control from FEC –DayLight Sensor Buffer Analog output (left and right) –Filter Wheel Motor Driver Stepper motor (2 phases) Position indicators (2 bits)

14. NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar 200114 J1 - Imager Electrical Interface Reference Designator: J1 Location: Imager Electrical Board Interface Connector Type: SDD44F4000G Mating Connector: SDD44M1000G SDD44F4 -- Face View

15. NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar 200115 Image Intensifier Interface Imager Electrical Board J1 - 44 pin Photocathode Power Supply Image Intensifier - 25 mm MCP-Out -1kV HV Supply Phosphor (Anode -6kV) HV Supply GATE FEC Connector J4 - 9 pin J3 - 9 pin MCP-In GND

16. NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar 200116 J3 - MCP HVPS Interface Reference Designator: J3 Location: Imager, MCP (stbd) HVPS Connector Type: SND9F5000G Mating Connector: SND9M1000G SND9F5 -- Face View

17. NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar 200117 J4 - Phosphor HVPS Interface Reference Designator: J4 Location: Imager, Phosphor (port) HVPS Connector Type: SND9F5000G Mating Connector: SND9M1000G SND9F5 -- Face View

18. NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar 200118 Front End Electronics Block Diagram Digital I/O Timing Generator Based on FPGA Develops Bias & Clock Voltages Linear Regulators Voltage Monitor Clock Drivers: Analog SPDT Switches R/C waveform shaping CCD Preamps Correlated Double Sample A/D Converters J2

19. NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar 200119 Front End Electronics Interface Data[0..11] –12 bits per pixel PixelClock (PIXCLK) –pixel data strobe FrameValid (FRMV) –indicates duration of frame LineValid (LINV) –indicates duration of line –used only during test Busy (BUSY) –signals start of EXP Acquire (ACQ) –signals start of exposure in Aurora mode –signals Event in Sprite mode CommandData (CDI) –serial data interface for upload of camera parameters VoltageMonitor (MON) –switched analog output Power –dc voltages Images are transferred to the AEP in data frames, each frame is 128 lines x 512 pixels

20. NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar 200120 J2 - FEC Electronics Interface Reference Designator: J2 Location: Imager, rear panel FEC Connector Type: SDD62F4000G Mating Connector: SDD62M1000G

21. NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar 200121 Data Transfer Timing Line Timing Pixel Timing T frame = 9.6 ms T line = 75  s T pixel = 125 ns N > 512

22. NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar 200122 Image Readout Order CCD array is illustrated showing the order in which pixels are transferred from Imager to AEP 1 2 127 128 Line 1. Each cell represents one pixel 2. Since the CCD is read from two outputs, the image is split in the middle

23. NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar 200123 Aurora Mode Imaging Take exposure Shift image entire vertical register Read out image The time to shift and readout one image: ~15 ms Exposure duration can be as long as ~ 1 second N - 1

24. NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar 200124 Frame Timing - Aurora Mode * EXP and VSHIFT are only indicating the relative timing of the exposure period and CCD vertical shift period Notes: 1. Images are taken while ACQ held high. 2. Exposure duration specified by parameter EXP 1 ms  T Exp  1 sec 3. Frame repetition period specified by parameter REPRATE (T Exp + T Frame + T Vshift )  T Reprate  5 sec 4. Frame readout period is fixed, T Frame = 9.6 ms 5. Vertical shift duration is fixed, T Vshift ~ 5 ms (Aurora Mode)

25. NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar 200125 Sprite Continuous Mode Clocking N N - 4 N - 3 N - 2 N - 1 N - 5 N N - 4 N - 3 N - 2 N - 1 N N - 4 N - 3 N - 2 N - 1 N + 1 N N - 3 N - 2 N - 1 N + 1 N N - 3 N - 2 N - 1 N + 1 N + 2 Image Area Storage Area Expose New Image AND Shift & Read image from Storage Area Shift Image & Storage Areas Transfer another image into Storage Area Repeat Cycle Note: Storage area is shifted twice as often T frame

26. NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar 200126 Frame Timing - Sprite Continuous Notes: 1. Imaging begins when FSW sets mode to Sprite Continuous 2. ACQ signals the Sprite Event occurrence 3. Exposure duration specified by parameter EXP 1 ms  T Exp  100 ms 4. Frame repetition period specified by parameter REPRATE ( max(T Exp, T Frame ) + T Vshift )  T Reprate  100 ms 5. Frame readout period is fixed, T Frame = 9.6 ms 6. Vertical shift duration is fixed, T Vshift = 1.3 ms (Continuous Mode) 7. No attempt is made to synchronize EXP with GDelay

27. NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar 200127 Sprite Burst Mode Clocking N N - 1 N N + 1 N N - 1 N + 1 N + 2 N N - 1 N + 1 N + 2 N + 3 N - 1 N N + 1 N + 2 N + 3 N N - 1 N + 1 N + 2 N + 3 N N + 1 N + 2 N + 3 N + 1 N + 2 N + 3 N + 2 N + 3 T frame N T frame Begin acquisition of N images at leading edge of Event Trigger Image readout time ~ (N+1) T readout T readout Acquisition Phase Readout Phase

28. NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar 200128 Frame Timing - Sprite Burst Mode Notes: 1. Continuous fast exposures begin when FSW sets mode to Sprite Burst 2. When ACQ occurs, N Post exposures are taken, then 8 images are readout 3. Exposure duration specified by parameter EXP 1 ms  T Exp  100 ms 4. Frame repetition period specified by parameter REPRATE (T Exp + T Vshift )  T reprate  10 ms 5. Frame readout period is fixed, T Frame = 9.6 ms 6. Vertical shift duration is fixed, T Vshift < 750  s (Burst Mode)

29. NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar 200129 Principal Camera Parameters Gated operation enable Photocathode gate open/close Set Mode (Aurora, Sprite Continuous, Sprite Burst) Set number of Post Trigger Images, NPOST –Only used in Burst Mode (TBD) Set Exposure (EXP) duration Set repetition (REPRATE) period Set photocathode Gate Delay (GDELAY) Note: –Dark image acquire accomplished by disabling gated operation, force gate closed, set mode and acquire dark image.

30. NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar 200130 Camera Parameters (Complete List)

31. NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar 200131 Imager Design Status Breadboard fabrication and testing complete Detailed design in progress –FEC Electronics Design Schematics: 6 of 7 completed PCB Layout: 5 of 7 completed –Imager Electrical Board Design In progress –Imager Mechanical Design In progress

32. NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar 200132 FEC Breadboard A breadboard version of the FEC electronics was built to test the design of clock drivers, preamps, correlated double sample (CDS) circuitry and 12-bit A/D conversion.

33. NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar 200133 Breadboard Camera Measurements Measured system gain 29 e-/ADU Measured readout noise < 50 e- rms CCD full well ~ 120,000 e- Dynamic range > 2400:1 Operating Parameters Master clock: 22.5MHz Pixel clock: 7.5 MHz Line clock: 340 kHz

34. NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar 200134 Breadboard Camera Image

35. NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar 200135 Imager Fabrication Status Assembly of ETU Imager to start 15 May –All PC boards need to be etched by this date FEC Board etch has already started –All Mechanical parts to be fabricated by this date –Electrical / Electronic (EE) Parts status see next page –Optics Parts status see next page

36. NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar 200136 EE Parts and Optics Status

37. NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar 200137 The End

38. NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar 200138 FEC - to - AEP Interface FEC CDC MM DPU ADDR DATA PIXCLK FRMV BUSY Power Controller ACQuire CDI CCD Temp Volt Monitor DC Power Int_Buf_Switch Event Enable Photometer Event SPDC Event IRQ AEP PIXCLK BUSY

39. NCKU UCB Tohoku Sprite Imager S. Harris IFR 5 Mar 200139 PCB Assembly Drawing FEC Analog Processor PC Board: Assembly Dwg. 8747-A4A Return