1. Adolf Hitler: The Fuhrer

2. Germany After WWI Germany cedes land (Alsace – Lorraine, Poland, etc) Germany cedes land (Alsace – Lorraine, Poland, etc) Military Restrictions Military Restrictions War Reparations and European recession War Reparations and European recession War Guilt Clause War Guilt Clause Weimar Republic weak Weimar Republic weak

3. German Revolutions 1918

4. The German Mark

5. Weimar Germany: Political Representation 1920 - 1933 Political Parties in the Reichstag May 1924 Dec. 1924 May 1928 Sep. 1930 July 1932 Nov. 1932 Mar. 1933 Communist Party (KPD) 624554778910081 Social Democratic Party (SDP) 100131153143133121120 Catholic Centre Party (BVP) 81887887979093 Nationalist Party (DNVP) 951037341375252 Nazi Party (NSDAP) 321412107230196288 Other Parties 102112121122223523

6. Adolf Hitler Born on April 20, 1889 in Austria Born on April 20, 1889 in Austria Wanted to be an artist Wanted to be an artist Served in WWI for Germany on the Western Front Served in WWI for Germany on the Western Front Powerful speaker who called upon the nationalistic pride of German people Powerful speaker who called upon the nationalistic pride of German people Strong anti-semitic feelings Strong anti-semitic feelings

7. Baby Hitler Hitler was 1 of 6 children – 3 of whom died at early ages.

10. Draft Dodger Of Austria / Enlistee For Germany

11. Hitler’s Emergence German Workers Party becomes National Socialist German Worker’s Party, or Nazi for short German Workers Party becomes National Socialist German Worker’s Party, or Nazi for short Mein Kampf Mein Kampf SA (Sturm Abteilung or Brown Shirts) SA (Sturm Abteilung or Brown Shirts) Hitler becomes chancellor in 1933 Hitler becomes chancellor in 1933

12. “Do we not feel once again in this hour the miracle that brought us together? Once you heard the voice of a man, and it struck deep into your hearts; it awakened you and you followed this voice … When we meet each other here, the wonder of our coming together fills us all. Not everyone of you sees me, and I do not see everyone of you. But I feel you, and you feel me. It is the belief in our people that has made us small men great, that has made brave and courageous men out of us wavering, timid folk; this belief … joined us together into one whole! You come, that you may, once in a while, gain the feeling that now we are together; we are with him and he with us, and we are now Germany!” - Hitler, mass rally at Nuremburg, Sept. 1936

13. The Beer Hall Putsch 1923

14. Hitler in Landesberg Prison

15. Hitler’s Goals Lebensraum Lebensraum Militarism Militarism Revenge Revenge Racial Purity of the Aryan Race / Nuremburg Laws Racial Purity of the Aryan Race / Nuremburg Laws Enabling Act Enabling Act Establishment of Establishment of the Third Reich

16. Sich Heil

17. Kristallnacht (“Night of Broken Glass”)

18. Nuremburg Laws Denaturalization laws discriminating against Jewish citizens Denaturalization laws discriminating against Jewish citizens Used racial observance of grandparents to determine (see chart) Used racial observance of grandparents to determine (see chart)

19. Germany Ablaze Reichstag Burns, 1933

20. Nazi Anti-Intellectualism Consequences: Consequences: A society where individual thought is compromised & the preservation of truth minimal. A society where individual thought is compromised & the preservation of truth minimal. Authorities have more power (no intellectual spirit of dissent to challenge) Authorities have more power (no intellectual spirit of dissent to challenge) Emergence of pseudoscience (eugenics) Emergence of pseudoscience (eugenics) Rewriting history Rewriting history Destruction of literature Destruction of literature

21. Nazi Book Burnings Why burn books? Why burn books? Vent anger (symbolic transition of cultural values: intellectualism to radical emotionalism) Vent anger (symbolic transition of cultural values: intellectualism to radical emotionalism) Unifies community in a ritual Unifies community in a ritual Intimidates intellectual community Intimidates intellectual community Nazi Party declares that any book “which acts subversively on our future or strikes at the root of German thought, the German home, and the driving forces of our people …” is to be burned - May 10, 1933 Nazi Party declares that any book “which acts subversively on our future or strikes at the root of German thought, the German home, and the driving forces of our people …” is to be burned - May 10, 1933

22. Education In The 3 rd Reich Knowledge that benefited the State was allowed (i.e. rocket science). Knowledge that benefited the State was allowed (i.e. rocket science). Individual learning frowned upon Individual learning frowned upon Independent thinking goes against public opinion Independent thinking goes against public opinion Propaganda as a new form of education Propaganda as a new form of education Goal: Goal: In democracy, students learn to benefit themselves. In democracy, students learn to benefit themselves. In Totalitarian Germany, students learn to benefit the State. In Totalitarian Germany, students learn to benefit the State. 2 Jewish students are humiliated in front of their whole class. The writing on the board proclaims “the Jew is our greatest enemy! Beware the Jew!”

23. Nazi Curriculum Racial biology & eugenics Racial biology & eugenics Celebratory German history Celebratory German history Discipline, duty, obedience, courage Discipline, duty, obedience, courage Physical training – body over mind Physical training – body over mind No concern for spirit of academics No concern for spirit of academics “The Jewish Nose is Wide at the End and Looks like the Number Six”

24. Hitler On Education "Universal education is the most corroding and disintegrating poison that liberalism has ever invented”—Adolf Hitler "Universal education is the most corroding and disintegrating poison that liberalism has ever invented”—Adolf Hitler "Through clever and constant application of propaganda, people can be made to see paradise as hell, and also the other way round” "Through clever and constant application of propaganda, people can be made to see paradise as hell, and also the other way round” —Adolf Hitler

25. Hitler Youth Trained children for their role as Nazi citizens. Trained children for their role as Nazi citizens. Men: “Wehrsport” (military training) Men: “Wehrsport” (military training) Women: preparation for Aryan motherhood Women: preparation for Aryan motherhood “The weak must be chiseled away. I want young men and women who can suffer pain...” – Adolf Hitler “The weak must be chiseled away. I want young men and women who can suffer pain...” – Adolf Hitler "I will have no intellectual training. Knowledge is ruin to my young men” – Adolf Hitler "I will have no intellectual training. Knowledge is ruin to my young men” – Adolf Hitler

26. Hitler Youth

27. Propaganda: People Cannot Think For Themselves Spread & enforce Nazi ideology Spread & enforce Nazi ideology the antithesis of intellectual-based culture the antithesis of intellectual-based culture Rampant anti-Semitism Rampant anti-Semitism Infected all mediums of art, literature, and media Infected all mediums of art, literature, and media

28. Joseph Goebbels: Head of the Anti-intellectual Serpent

29. Goebbels On Truth & Intellectualism “Intellectual activity is a danger to the building of character” “Intellectual activity is a danger to the building of character” “It is the absolute right of the State to supervise the formation of public opinion.” “It is the absolute right of the State to supervise the formation of public opinion.” “Not every item of news should be published. Rather must those who control news policies endeavor to make every item of news serve a certain purpose.” “Not every item of news should be published. Rather must those who control news policies endeavor to make every item of news serve a certain purpose.”

30. The Big Lie Theory “If you tell a lie big enough and keep repeating it, people will eventually come to believe it. The lie can be maintained only for such time as the State can shield the people from the political, economic and/or military consequences of the lie. It thus becomes vitally important for the State to use all of its powers to repress dissent, for the truth is the mortal enemy of the lie, and thus by extension, the truth is the greatest enemy of the State.”—Joseph Goebbels “If you tell a lie big enough and keep repeating it, people will eventually come to believe it. The lie can be maintained only for such time as the State can shield the people from the political, economic and/or military consequences of the lie. It thus becomes vitally important for the State to use all of its powers to repress dissent, for the truth is the mortal enemy of the lie, and thus by extension, the truth is the greatest enemy of the State.”—Joseph Goebbels

31. Night of Long Knives June 30, 1934 – August 1934: The Great Purge (also known as Operation Hummingbird) June 30, 1934 – August 1934: The Great Purge (also known as Operation Hummingbird) After the death of President Hindenburg, Hitler had made it clear that he was the supreme ruler of Germany who had the right to be judge and jury, and had the power to decide whether people lived or died. After the death of President Hindenburg, Hitler had made it clear that he was the supreme ruler of Germany who had the right to be judge and jury, and had the power to decide whether people lived or died. S.A. leader Ernst Rohm is executed. S.A. leader Ernst Rohm is executed.

32. Gaining Lebensraum: Nazi Spread & Conquer