1. Bellringer /08/13
Explain why the Mitochondria is nicknamed the powerhouse?

2. Topic: Cells and Energy
EQ: What process do cells use to obtain energy?

3. How do living things obtain energy?
There are three processes:
Cellular Respiration
Fermentation
Photosynthesis

4. Why do we need energy?
All living things from single-celled organisms to humans need energy to survive.
Remember: Cells process energy from food into the energy-storage fuel called ATP…
How do we make ATP????

5. Why ATP? ATP is like money??
Glucose in our food is a great source of energy! ($100 bill)
However, our cells and its processes may only require a small amount of energy ($1 bill)
A. Say you go to a vending machine . Most vending machines do not accept $100 bills! We need a smaller form of “currency” for these processes.
But, when we first get ATP it is too large, we have to break it down. It is an important cellular “currency” for life.
ATP releases more appropriate amounts of energy for the individual cellular processes that require energy.!
(We will study this molecule in detail in our next activity!) WE NEED IT!

6. Cellular Respiration
Process that convert the energy from food molecules (glucose) into a form the body can use.
A step by step process that occurs in two parts of the cell:
a. The cytoplasm
b. mitochondria “powerhouse”
Takes place in all living things

7. I. Cellular Respiration
Step 1: Reaction in the cytoplasm (Glycolysis)
Glucose (sugar) broken down into a smaller pieces.
It produces some ATP (fuel) and uses ATP from other cells that has been released.

8. I. Cellular Respiration
Step 2: Reaction in the Mitochondria
Small (glucose) from step 1 + oxygen enter into the mitochondria
It is then further broken down
Produces:
1. large amounts of ATP (fuel )
2. Waste products of: water and carbon dioxide

9. Cell Respiration Carbon Dioxide CO2 Glucose C6H12O6 Water H2O Oxygen
Energy (atp)

10. What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration?
Then to mitochondria
Cytoplasm
Then: ATP, water, carbon dioxide is produced

11. What would happen if your cells were deprived of oxygen
What would happen if your cells were deprived of oxygen?? Would they still be able to burn glucose to make energy??
YES!!

12. Activity 1. Open book to pg. 76 2. Cut out figure 16
3. Tape it to the top of ISN 64
4. In 2-3 paragraphs:
a. Explain the process of cellular respiration and why it is essential for cells to obtain and create energy.

13. Two types of fermentation
A. Lactic-Acid Fermentation
B. Alcohol Fermentation

14. Topic: Cells and Energy
EQ: How does a cell obtain energy?

15. II. Fermentation (produce energy without oxygen).
Occurs in eukaryotic and prokaryotic. Allows to obtain energy when oxygen levels are low.
Because no oxygen is used, fermentation makes less ATP.
Occurs in the cytoplasm not the mitochondria

16. Bellringer
Explain how ATP and glucose are related to each other.

17. III: Photosynthesis
The process of photosynthesis is a chemical reaction. It is the most important chemical reaction on our planet.

18. Describe Photosynthesis
Plants capture light energy and use that energy to make glucose (its food) and gives off oxygen
Occurs in plants and some algae
Takes place in the chloroplasts, using chlorophyll, the green pigment in plants

19. What is the equation for the chemical reaction of photosynthesis?

20. Photosynthesis Animation

21. Why is this important to us?

22. Why is this important to us?
We cannot make our own food (glucose, energy), we must get our food from plants. Plants are the first step in the food chain.

23. How is photosynthesis and cellular respiration related?

24. It’s a cycle in plant cells, Jennnnay

25. Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Animation

26. Read how photosynthesis & respiration are related:

27. Writing in Science
Prompt: Plant cells and animal cells are both similar and different.
Must have:
A. 4 paragraphs
B. 5-7 sentences each
C. Be on topic
D. Talk about differences in processes and organelles, etc…
D. 50 points

28. Do only animals respire? Or do plants respire too?
The BIG Question is…
Do only animals respire?
Or do plants respire too?
Only plants perform photosynthesis
Plants AND animals perform cellular respiration!
(Can you explain why??)

29. What happens during photosynthesis?

30. What happens during photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide enters the leaf through holes called stomata
CO2 combines with the stored energy in the chloroplasts through a chemical reaction to make glucose
The sugar is moved through tubes in the leaf to the roots, stems and fruits of the plants
Some of the sugar is used right away by the plant for energy; some is stored as starch; and some is built into plant tissue

31. Bellringer
How is photosynthesis and cellular respiration alike?

32. Learn more about photosynthesis at:

33. What is Cellular Respiration?

34. What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration?

35. Why is this important to us?
The oxygen released during photosynthesis is necessary for all living things.