1. Pre-invention Conditions Think-sheet

11. Invention Features Think-sheet

23. Post-invention Impact Think-sheet

35. Systematic More convenient than earlier methods of communication Uses patterns of raised dots Braille Provide a system for writing and reading for the blind Knowledge Connections This invention makes you think of …Because … The creation of the Universal Sign Language It is understood and used throughout the world. Braille, who was blind since age 3 self-tested the method He was also aware of the methods of communicating that existed before his invention His invention was used in 1824 when it was invented and is used today Ways the invention is TESTED or evaluated Key things LEADING to invention’s development Louis Braille (1809-1852) Had learned from an army captain that soldiers often sent messages at night by punching coded dots on thick paper Braille adapted the dot method for use in his braille writing system He also invented a stylus & slate for easily writing the braille dots It was more convenient than the previous wood or wax carved letters, or the string alphabet It was a systematic system It because universally accepted and utilized IMPACT of the invention then and now In Braille everything must be written backwards & the letters must be written from right to left so they can be read from left to right when the paper is turned over. In the 1930’s & 40’s the braillewriter-a machine like a typewriter that types raised braille dots instead of letters was invented ADAPTATIONS of the invention Words that describe the invention …

36. A speech synthesizer, reads the words on the computer screen out loud. Another computer-related invention for the blind is the Braille screen-reading device, A modern day version of the invention is … So then the invention was used and refined, so the following features were added… Then people developed this to address the need / problem… And that led to this invention … The braille system & braillewriter made reading & writing easier for the blind, but the blind could not write for sighted people until the MPRINT was invented. Words are typed in braille,& MPRINT converts the strokes to letters for an ink printer A convenient, systematic, method that allows a blind person to write and read Louis Braille, who was blind from age 3, invented a system called Braille, that uses patterns of raised dots to represent letters Writing in Braille can be difficult because everything must be written backwards, so that it can be read from right to left. The braillewriter- a machine like a typewriter that types raised Braille dots instead of letters was invented to solve this problem Started with this need or problem to be solved … In the future, this invention will probably … … These inventions help blind people to read & write, but problems still remain to be solved. Blind people do not yet have a way to use graphics on a computer, or a pencil or pen that would allow the user to draw freely, as well as feel and erase what they’ve drawn. An invention can be … * something physical (airplane) * a technique(DNA testing) * a rule or policy (US Constitution)