1. Transit areas along Red line in Downtown Los Angeles Manling Zhang Department of Public Policy

2. Policy question:  How do Transit Oriented Development (TODs) effect the transit zones and people.  Households (owner, renters, income)  People’s behavior (move in, driving)  House value (rent, housing unit value)  Development (affordable housing/retail stores/ hospitals) Resources: Census Tract, Census Block Group data

3. Methodology: study the change within a decade  Households and housing units  Housing units occupied by owners vs. renters  Change of demographic & behavior  Population moved in at different time  Driving  Median income  Development & affordable housing  Rent  Median value of housing units

4. Redline (heavy line) & construction history 7 th St/Metro Center Westlake/Macarthur Park Pershing Square Civic Center Wilshire/Vermont Union Station opened in 1993 opened in 1996 Wilshire/Western

5. Los Angeles Metro line system

6. Part 1 Study Households and housing units

7. House units comparison 1990 vs. 2000 There is an increase of housing units from 1990 to 200.

8. Housing units occupation Go up Go down

9. Observation  An increase in Housing units from 1990 to 2000  Comparing to 1990, in 2000, there was an increase of housing units after the construction of the transit stations near several transit stations such as Civic Center, Wilshire/ Vermont and Westlake Macarthur Park,  An decrease in owner occupied housing units  Near several stations such as Westlake Macarthur Park, Wilshire/ Vermont, owners tend to occupy less units  A increase in renter occupied  Housing units that occupied by renters near the stations mentioned earlier tend to decrease.

10. Part 2 Study Residents’ behavior & income

11. Demographic change Total drivers decreased from 2240 to 2214 Median income increased

12. Owner vs. Renter move in at different time From 1990 to 1994, owners & renters were moving in to the area with similar proportion From 1995 to 2000, renters moving into the area are much significant than the owners.

13. Observation  There is significant increase of household income around transit stations  From 1990 to 1994, owners & renters were moving in to the area with similar proportion  From 1995 to 1998, renters moving into the area are much significant than the owners.

14. Part 3 Development and affordable housing

15. Affordable housing vs. Rent - Rent tend to be higher near transit stations - Affordable housing limits the increase of rent.

16. Median Housing unit value - It seems that there is no significant relationship between transit stations and housing unit value.

17. Observation  Rent tend to be higher around transit stations  Affordable housing limit the increase of rent  Housing unit value seems unrelated to transit stations.

18. Policy recommendations:  Future study: Long run impact  Land appraisal  Dealing with concerns: Displacement, rent increase.  Recognizing goals of development

19. Skills used  Model (buffer and intersect)  Original data: affordable housing  Metadata  Measurement analysis  Inset Map  7-layout map  Graduated Symbols  Graduated colors  Buffering  Creating Indices  Attribute Sub-Selection

20. Metedata

21. Modeling: Buffer from metro stations Produced by: Manling Zhang