4.  Science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health and efficiency through organized community effort. (Winslow, 1920)  Fulfilling society’s interest in assuring conditions in which people can be healthy. (Institute of Medicine, 1988)

5.  To promote health and quality of life by preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. (CDC Mission Statement)  Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. (WHO Definition of Health)

6.  Immunizations  Motor Vehicle Safety  Workplace Safety  Control of Infectious Diseases  Declines in Heart Disease and Stroke  Safer and Healthier Foods  Healthier Mothers and Babies  Family Planning  Fluoridation of Drinking Water  Tobacco as a Health Hazard  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AvmX Ssl4nqU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AvmX Ssl4nqU

7.  Biostatistics and Informatics › Medical and Health Services Manager  Community Health › Health Care Administrator › Health Educator › Community Health Worker  Epidemiologist › Field Investigator › Research Analyst  Environmental Health › Quality Investigator › Environmental Scientist/Engineer  Global Health › Refugee Coordinator › HIV/AIDs Educator › Project Manager  http://www.publichealthonline.org/careers/ http://www.publichealthonline.org/careers/

11. Category Nurse (RN, BSN) Nurse Practitioner Physician Assistant Physician (Family Practice) Prerequisite Education None Bachelor Degree in Nursing & clinical hours Bachelor Degree & clinical hours for most Bachelor Degree Learning Model Medical-Nursing Medical- Physician Time in Classroom Varies greatly by program. 500 hrs1000 hrs2 years Time in Clinic Varies greatly by program. 500-700 hrs2000 hrs2 years Total Post High School Education 2-4 years5-9 years5-7 years8 years

12. Category Nurse (RN, BSN) Nurse Practitioner Physician Assistant Physician (Family Practice) Residency None Optional 1-2 years depends on specialty 3-8 years Degree or Certificatio n Awarded Associate or Bachelor Degree Master's Degree Planned Transition to Doctorate by 2015 Physician Assistant Certified (PA-C) Most also award Master's Degree. Some now pursuing PHD Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) Doctor of Osteopathy (D.O.) Recertificati on 1000 hours practicing in area of certification sp ecialty OR exam every 5 years 1000 professional practice hours AND ~15 CME credits/year OR exam every 5 years 100 CME hours every 2 years Exam every 10 years MD: 50 hrs of CME/year & ABMS certification recommended DO: 120 CME hours every 3 years & ABMS certification recommended.

16.  Prepare early  Get Involved in extracurricular Activities  Choose your undergrad classes wisely  Work in the summer › Projects › Medical Missions  Find mentors › Start a LinkedIn account › https://www.aapa.org/twocolumn.aspx?id=2826

17.  Gen bio with lab*Minimal GPA 3.0  Gen Chem with lab*  Human anatomy with lab * › (comparative anatomy)  Human physiology with lab*  Organic Chem or Biochemistry  Microbiology*  Medical Terminology*  Abnormal Psychology  Mathematics (statistics?)*  Genetics/molecular bio/virology/immunology etc

18.  Minimal 500 hours (1000-4000 hours)  Average 2000 hours  Type of Jobs  Athletic Trainer  Cardiovascular Perfusionist  Medical Corpsman  Dental Hygienist  Dietician  Caregiver  ED Technician  ED Scribe  EMT/Paramedic  Exercise Physiologist (cardiac rehab)  Foreign Medical Graduate – Physician  Home Health Care Aide  Phlebotomist  Medical Assistant  Medical Health Tech/MH/MR  Medical Research with Patient Contact  Midwife  Nurse  Nursing Assistant  Nutritionist  Orderly-Patient Transport  Orthopedics Technician  Physical Therapist  Physical Therapist Assistant/Aide  Radiologic Technologist  X-Ray Technician  Ultrasound Technician  By-Pass Technician  Respiratory Therapist  Surgical Technician/OR Technician  Veterinary Technician

19.  Nonclinical volunteer hours  PA Shadowing Experience  GRE  Applications: CASPA vs non CASPA › http://directory.paeaonline.org/ http://directory.paeaonline.org/  Essay › http://www.thepalife.com/mistakes/  Interviews › http://www.thepalife.com/the-top-46-physician- assistant-applicant-interview-questions/ http://www.thepalife.com/the-top-46-physician- assistant-applicant-interview-questions/ › http://www.paschoolinterviewguide.com/ http://www.paschoolinterviewguide.com/

20.  Take a refresh course on anatomy (Netter’s Anatomy)  Find your study habits  Read/Study as much as you can › UpToDate, Medscape › Board Review books:  First Aid series, StepUp to Medicine, STEP 2 Secrets, Davis’s PA Exam Review, Swanson’s Family Medicine Review  Give yourself breaks  Get plenty of sleep  Pharmacology: Make flashcards and tables  Physical Exams: practice on your friends  Change your security status on Facebook  http://www2.paeaonline.org/index.php?ht=action/GetDocumentAction/i/127990  http://www.mhprofessional.com/content/media/0071801944_chapter%204.pdf

21.  Complete a total of more than 2,000 hours of clinical rotations in: › Family medicine › Internal medicine › Obstetrics and gynecology › Pediatrics › Surgery › Emergency medicine › Psychiatry

23.  National Health Service Corp  Primary care medical, dental and mental/behavioral health clinicians can get up to $50,000 to repay their health profession student loans in exchange for a two-year commitment  https://nhsc.hrsa.gov/loanrepayment/ https://nhsc.hrsa.gov/loanrepayment/  Indian Health Service  National Guard  Navy Clinical Health Provider  Army Health Professional Scholarship  Air Force Health Professional Scholarship  AmeriCorp  http://doseofpa.blogspot.com/2014/03/physician-assistant-school- scholarships.html http://doseofpa.blogspot.com/2014/03/physician-assistant-school- scholarships.html

24.  Become NCCPA certified › PANCE  Board review books  http://www.physicianassistantexamreview.com/ http://www.physicianassistantexamreview.com/  http://www.nccpa.net/examscontentblueprint http://www.nccpa.net/examscontentblueprint  Obtain a state license  Maintain your certification › CME 100hrs/2 yrs › Recertification every 10 years: PANRE

25.  Acute care surgery  Cardiovascular surgery  Dermatology  Emergency medicine  Multispecialty surgery  Neurosurgery  Pediatric or Neonatology  OB/GYN  Orthopedic surgery  Oncology  http://appap.org/post-graduate-pa- programs/programs/ http://appap.org/post-graduate-pa- programs/programs/

26.  Work schedules › 50 hours work week › Variable shifts  “Know your patient, know your medicine, know your staff, and take ownership.”  National and State Organizations › https://www.aapa.org https://www.aapa.org