1. chapter McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. CHAPTER OUTLINE Factors that influence personality The Social SelfThe Social Self Agents of Socialization 5 SOCIALIZATION

2. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4-2 5-1 Nature v Nurture –Interaction of heredity and environment shape human development –Isolation negatively effects human socialization –Parents must concern themselves with children’s social development as well

3. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4-3 Factors influencing personality █ Heredity █ Birth Order █ Parents █ Culture

4. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4-4 Factors Influencing Personality █ Heredity or Environment? –Studies of Identical Twins Intelligence tests show: Similar scores when twins are reared apart in roughly similar social settings Quite different scores when twins are reared apart in dramatically different social settings

5. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4-5 Isolation: A “Macro” look █ Continents: Cultures:

6. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4-6 Another “Macro” look Japan v China

7. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4-7 A “Micro” look - Genie

8. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4-8 Isolation █ Animals & the “forbidden experiment” █ Other forms: Ghetto vs Suburbia

9. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4-9 Isolation –Appalachian Mountain regions

10. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4-10 Isolation –Shyness / Introversion / Anti-social - The “Critical Period”

11. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4-11 Institutionalization █ Lack of social interaction in these facilities have shown to create social and psychological development delays.

12. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4-12 5-2 The Social Self █ Socialization: interactive process by which people learn the skills, beliefs, values, etc of their culture. █ “Self”: distinct identity that sets us apart from others

13. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4-13 The Social Self - Theories █ John Locke’s Tabula Rasa –Human are born with a clean slate –Their upbringing fills the slate through socialization

14. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4-14 The Social Self - Theories Charles Cooley: Looking-Glass Self We learn who we are by interacting with others Our view of ourselves (good & bad) comes from impressions of how others perceive us The self is the product of our social interactions with other people

15. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4-15 The Social Self - Theories Role Taking: process of mentally assuming the perspective of another Generalized Others: attitudes, viewpoints, and expectations of society as a whole that child takes into account Significant Others: Individuals most important in the development of the self █ George Herbert Mead: Role Taking

16. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4-16 The Social Self - Theories Continued... Preparatory Stage: children imitate people around them. Play Stage: children develop skill in communicating through symbols and role taking occurs Game Stage: children of about 8 or 9 consider several actual tasks and relationships simultaneously █ Mead: Role Taking Stages

17. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4-17 5-3 Agents of Socialization –Role of family in socializing a child cannot be overestimated –Cultural Influences –The Impact of Race and Gender █ Family

18. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4-18 Agents of Socialization –As children grow older, peer groups increasingly assume the role of Mead’s significant others. █ Peer Group

19. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4-19 Agents of Socialization –Schools teach children values and customs of the larger society –Schools traditionally socialized children into conventional gender roles █ School

20. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4-20 Agents of Socialization Continued…

21. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4-21 Agents of Socialization Continued…

22. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4-22 Agents of Socialization –Technology socializes families into multitasking as the social norm █ Mass Media and Technology 47% of parents reported at least one child has a television in his/her bedroom

23. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4-23 Agents of Socialization █ Figure 4.1: Internet Usage, Ages 10-17

24. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4-24 Agents of Socialization –Learning to behave appropriately within occupational setting is fundamental aspect of human socialization Level of teenage employment in U.S. is highest among industrial nations █ Workplace

25. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4-25 Agents of Socialization

26. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4-26 Agents of Socialization –The family’s protective function steadily transferred to outside agencies in 20 th century –The state usurped many of the traditional family functions █ The Government

27. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4-27 Agents of Socialization Baby Blues! Parents vs Environment

28. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4-28 Socialization and the Life Course █ ReSocialization –Total Institution: institution—prison, military, mental hospital, or convent—that regulates all aspects of a person’s life under a single authority

29. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4-29 Socialization and the Life Course █ The Life Course –Some of the most difficult socialization challenges occur in later years –Amer culture v aging –Physical limitations