1. Chapter 2: Native Americans

2. Early people

3. Other Theories
Why – recent discoveries
Why many Native Americans believe - their people have always lived in the Americas
The Land Bridge Story
- Early people crossed a bridge of land from Asia to North America.
Early Ways of Life
How Ways of Life Changed – from hunting animals to farming and settling in one place
Why Ways of Life Changed – because climate became warmer and drier, and giant animals died out
The Olmec and the Maya
The Olmec Civilization
Achievements – strong trade system, systems of writing and counting, caledar
The Mayan Civilization – Culture- influenced by Olmec traditions, writing and counting system, social classes, and build stone cities
Other Civilizations
Who – Mound Builders Who – Ancient Puebloans
What they built – large earth mounds What their houses were like –
many levels, built against canyon walls or in caves

4. Cultural maps

5. Using a Cultural Map
A cultural map is a map that shows different groups who live in a place and what they have in common.
A cultural region is an area in which people share some ways of life.
Same climate and landforms
Same animals and vegetation

7. Eastern Woodlands

9. The Common Good

10. Essential Question: Why is achieving the common good important to the success of a group or country?

11. “Look and listen for the welfare of the whole people and have always in view not only the present but also coming generations…”
from the Iroquois Constitution
How do these words show that the Iroquois were concerned about not just themselves, but also people in the future?

12. Common good

13. Plains Native Americans

14. Essential question: How did geography and climate of the plains affect the Native Americans there?

15. Life on the Plains
Lived on the Interior Plains between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains

16. Hunting the Buffalo
Buffalo = main source of food for Plains Native Americans
Uses of the buffalo
Food
Clothing/Moccasins
Tools
Shelter
Utensils

17. Hunting the Buffalo
Ways To Use the Buffalo

18. Farmers and Hunters
People of the Central Plains (Iowa, Missouri, Sioux, etc.)
Lived in the Central Plains or the eastern parts of the Plains
Hunters and gatherers and farmers
Lived in lodges (home to several families)

19. A Nomadic Society
People of the Great Plains (Cheyenne, Kiowa, Crow, etc.)
Lived in the Great Plains or western part of the Plains
Moved from place to place to follow herds of buffalo (NO FARMING)
Lived in tepees (homes that could move)

20. Plains Cultures Government Traditions and Religious Beliefs
Different tribes in the Plains had different governments
No one person was more important than another
Traditions and Religious Beliefs
Shared traditions and beliefs
Ceremonies – corn harvest, buffalo hunts, Sun Dance, etc.

21. The SOUTHWEST AND WEST NATIVE AMERICANS

22. The Southwest Pueblo People
Hopi – present-day Arizona
Zuni – present-day New Mexico
Groups in the region are called the Pueblo peoples.
Lived on mesas or the sides of steep canyons
Houses = pueblos
Grew staple crops – corn, beans, and squash
Stored surplus water

23. The Navajo
Four Corners
Nomads

24. Pueblo Culture Pueblo houses (pueblos) Navajo houses (hogans)
Used stones and mud
Adobe – sun-dried bricks of clay and straw
Villages – close together
Navajo houses (hogans)
Cone-shaped wooden shelter covered in mud or adobe
Villages – far apart

25. Religion and Government
Held special ceremonies
Medicine people – religious leaders and healers
Religious leaders were usually chiefs.

26. Groups to the West Shoshone Nez Perce Chumash Great Basin Hunters
Columbia Plateau
Fishermen
Chumash
Southern California
Fishermen
Traders
Canoe builders

27. Trading FOR NEEDED GOODS
Trade networks
Helped to get goods from far
away without traveling far

28. The Northwest AND THE ARCTIC

29. A REGION OF PLENTY Northwest Coast or Pacific Northwest
Stretches from the Pacific Ocean to the mountains in the east
Includes Oregon, Washington, and western Canada

30. People of the Northwest Coast
Kwakiutl, Makah, and Chinook
Fishing, hunting, and gathering
Salmon = staple food
Whales – important resource
Food
Fat for oil lamps

31. Resources and Trade Family Shelters Wood
Longhouses – bigger than the Iroquois
Clans – included extended families and made decisions
Wood
Dishes, utensils, spoons, etc.
Totem poles – tell a story or
welcome visitors or traders

32. The Dalles Chinook = best-known traders of the Northwest Dalles
Center of trade network
Language barrier
Bartered
A Potlatch
Celebration
Shows wealth

33. Lands of the North Arctic – near the North Pole Aleut and Inuit
Hunted foxes, caribou, and polar bears
Hunted seals, walruses, and whales
Limited resources – used everything
Igloos

34. Life in the sub-arctic Eastern Canada to Alaska Cree
Hunting and gathering
Used bows and arrows