1. Headlines ..... How do you feel? Are you bothered?
What does this make you feel? Think?
Are you bothered?

2. Learning Outcomes Explain causes of obesity
Distinguish the risks associated with obesity
Analyse the different methods of taking body measurements
Identify the benefits of exercise

3. Causes of Obesity....
Obesity is linked to high fat diets and a decrease in physical activity.
The energy intake in the diet should limit fats and free sugars as fats have a high calorific value per gram and free sugars require no metabolic energy to be expended in their digestion.

4. Exercise Advantages ....
Exercise increases energy expenditure and preserves lean tissue.
Exercise can help to reduce risk factors for CVD by keeping weight under control, minimising stress, reducing hypertension and improving HDL blood lipid profiles.
Not to mention epigenetic evidence .....

5. Risk of being obese
Obesity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.
Obesity is characterised by excess body fat in relation to lean body tissue (muscle).
A body mass index (weight divided by height squared) greater than 30 is used to indicate obesity.
Accurate measurement of body fat requires the measurement of body density.

6. Health measurements BMI (body mass index) Need height Need waist
BMI = Mass kg / height m2
But wait .....

7. Health measurements
A waist to hip ratio of more than 0.95 for men and 0.85 for women is “apple” shape – more PRONE to heart disease
Waist/Hip
Measuring tape
To determine the ratio, divide your waist measurement by your hip measurement.

8. Estimating Percent Body Fat
Skinfold measurements: Folds of skin are measured with a caliper. The measurements are used in equations that link the thickness of skinfolds to percent body fat calculations made from more precise experiments.

9. Health measurements Percentage fat From skin fold or Electric impulse
Nowadays a pod can be used
Description
Women
Men
Essential fat
10–13%
2–5%
Athletes
14–20%
6–13%
Fitness
21–24%
14–17%
Average
25–31%
18–24%
Obese
32%+
25%+

10. Measurements from yesterday ...
BMI
Waist/Hip ratio
Percentage fat
Skin fold callipers
So why do we need fat?

11. In cell membranes
Essential for hormones etc.

12. Essential Fatty Acids
Body cannot synthesise (so need to be supplied in diet)
Fat soluble vitamins (A,D,E and K) only enter our diet in fats
SO fats are essential to our diet to avoid deficiency symptoms e.g. linoleic acid deficiency (scaly skin, hair loss)
Also for .....

13. Review What is meant by the term obesity?
Give the formula for calculating BMI
What are the 2 main ways in which an obese person can reduce the risk factors for CVD?
What is the disadvantage of sugary food?
TYK – p195

14. Answers Accumulation of body fat in relation to lean muscle tissue
BMI = Body mass / height2
Lose weight and take regular exercise
Free sugars expend no energy to digest them

15. Summary - Obesity
Obesity is linked to high fat diets and a decrease in physical activity.
The energy intake in the diet should limit fats and free sugars as fats have a high calorific value per gram and free sugars require no metabolic energy to be expended in their digestion.
Exercise increases energy expenditure and preserves lean tissue.
Exercise can help to reduce risk factors for CVD by keeping weight under control, minimising stress, reducing hypertension and improving HDL blood lipid profiles.

16. Summary - Obesity
Obesity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.
Obesity is characterised by excess body fat in relation to lean body tissue (muscle).
A body mass index (weight divided by height squared) greater than 30 is used to indicate obesity.
Accurate measurement of body fat requires the measurement of body density.