2. What are the big three nutrients plants need?

3. What is it called when wind or water carry away soil? None of the above Composition Dust bowl Weathering Erosion

4. What do plants need to survive?

5. What is soil made of? Organic matter Sand, silt, clay Weathered rocks Inorganic matter All of the above

6. What is often added to soil when it is missing nutrients?

7. Which is the largest sized weathered rock? Humus Organic Matter Silt Clay Sand

8. Define evidence.

9. TRUE or FALSE? Silt has a silky texture.

10. What are the four layers of soil?

11. TRUE or FALSE? Farming practices were one of the causes of the Dust Bowl.

12. Which soil types makes up the eastern United States? Rainforest Tropical grassland Grassland Desert Forest

13. Sand Silt Clay Organic Matter Loam Best for plants sticky Grainy Silky Dead plants and animals Match the soil types with their characteristics

14. Is the nutrient cycle needed for healthy soil and continued plant growth? Yes, because it naturally replenished organic matter and nutrients in the soil. No, because we can add fertilizers to fill in the missing nutrients. Nutrient cycle was broken in the Dust Bowl…better to have the cycle…

15. What are the soil horizons? List in order from top to bottom.

16. List advantages of using manufactured fertilizers.

17. TRUE or FALSE? Organic Matter is one of the soil layers

18. List the types of consistence used to describe soil.

19. List disadvantages of using organic fertilizers.

20. Sticky, silky, and grainy all describe Organic Matter Fertilizers Color Consistence Texture

21. What is located beneath parent material?

22. Which nutrient is most commonly deficient (not enough of it)? Dihydrogen Monoxide Carbon Potassium Phosphorus Nitrogen

23. TRUE or FALSE? ‘A’ is the first horizon of soil.

24. TRUE or FALSE? Earthworms play an important role in healthy soil and plant growth.

25. What is the cycle of nutrients? A plant takes in nutrients from the soil through its roots. The nutrients are used to help the plant grow. When it dies, it falls to the ground where it decomposes and turns back into nutrients to be used by another plant.

26. What is located in the ‘O’ horizon?

27. What is located in the parent material layer?

28. Topsoil contains which of the following? Water Air Organic matter Sand, silt, and clay All of the above

29. What are nutrients?

30. Explain the four major soil layers Top soil (horizon O-very top layer, and A) located at the top and contains large amounts of organic matter/humus— tends to be a small layer, less than 20 cm deep. Sub soil (horizon B) located below top soil (horizon A), tends to consist of clay, few nutrients, little organic matter. Parent material (horizon C) consists of slightly broken up bedrock, plants roots rarely penetrate this layer, very little organic matter. Bedrock (horizon R) is hard rock that lies beneath all soil layers.

31. What is the best type of soil for a garden? Humus Clay Silt Sand Loam

32. Which horizon is needed the most for a healthy garden? R O C B A

33. What is the consistence for desert soil?

34. TRUE or FALSE? Clay is good for growing.

35. How is soil made?

36. What is soil?

37. What is the difference between sand, silt and clay? Sand: grainy, loose, largest particles Silt: silky, friable, medium sized particles Clay: sticky, firm, smallest particles

38. Describe grassland soil. Wet and dry seasons but smaller amounts of rain. Large amounts of organic matter and nutrients; good for farming; soil is reddish brown, loose consistence, and silky texture

39. Describe forest soil hot and cold seasons, large amount of rain to support much tree growth; good farming soil; brown to reddish brown soil color; loose consistence

40. What is texture?

41. What is organic matter?

42. What is composition?

43. What is the difference between evidence and opinion?

44. What role does phosphorus play in plant growth?

45. What is located in the ‘A’ horizon?

46. What term is used to describe the soil ingredients or what it is made of?

47. How many soil layers are there?

48. What role does potassium play in helping plants?

49. TRUE or FALSE? Potassium, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus are all textures of soil

50. What is the hardest consistence?

51. The Dust Bowl occurred primarily in what soil type?

52. When did the Dust Bowl occur?

53. What does nitrogen help with for plant growth?

54. What is it called when plants grow in water instead of soil?

55. TRUE or FALSE? Too much of one nutrient can be just as bad as no nutrient for plants

56. What nutrient does a lightning strike make available to plants?

57. Good Luck!