1. Microscopy

2. Microscope DEFINE: instrument that produces enlarged image of object
Used to study organisms, cells, and cell parts
Increase image of object and
Show object’s details
MAGNIFICATION: increase of object’s apparent size
RESOLUTION: power to show object’s details clearly

3. Light Microscopes COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE (LM)
To see small organisms and cells
Specimen must be cut thin enough so light can pass through and mounted onto glass slide
Different set magnifications

4. Light Microscope

5. Parts of LM STAGE: supports specimen
LIGHT SOURCE: mirror, light bulb; directs light upwards, through specimen
OBJECTIVE LENS: enlarges image of object
NOSEPIECE: holds objective lens of different magnifications
OCULAR LENS: near eyepiece; magnifies image further
CONDENSER/ DIAPHRAGM: controls the amount of light projected to specimen
COARSE FOCUS: focuses object into view
FINE FOCUS: focuses fine details of object into view

6. Electron Microscope At about 2000x magnification images become blurry
Uses beam of electrons instead of light to enlarge image of specimen
Types:
Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
Black Walnut Tree Leaf

7. Transmission Electron Microscope
Transmits beam of electron through very thin slice of specimen
Magnetic lenses enlarge image and project it in screen or photographic plate
PRO: 200,000x magnification
CON: Can NOT view living things

8. Scanning Electron Microscope
Provides 3-D images
Specimen not sliced but coated with a fine metal spray
Electrons bounce off metal coating and projected onto fluorescent screen of photographic plate
PRO: 100,000x magnification; 3-D image
CON: Can NOT be live specimens

9. LM vs TEM vs SEM
Diatom, 1000x
Mitochondria, mammalian lung
Fly Head

10. USING THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE
WET MOUNT REVIEW
MOVING THE SLIDE
LETTER INVERSION
DEPTH OF FIELD
MAGNIFICATION
EYEPIECE (10x) x LENS (10X LOW OR 40X HIGH)=100X, 400X

11. USING THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE
MEASUREMENT IN MICROMETERS ( µ )
1mm = 1000 µm and .001mm = 1 µm
DIAMETER OF FIELD
EXAMPLE UNDER HIGH POWER DIAMETER (LOW POWER)= 4 mm
DIAMETER (HIGH POWER)
40/10 = /4 = 1000 µm
PROPER CARE AND USAGE

12. MICROSCOPE LAB DIRECTIONS SUMMARY TEXTBOOK PAGES 691-694
NOTES: SEE MATERIAL LIST ON P.691
SKIP STEP #’S 19-24
REVIEW MICROSCOPE DIAGRAM ON THE TOP LEFT OF P.692 FOR PARTS A AND B
YOU DO NOT HAVE TO DO TABLE PC.1
FOR PART C, MAKE WET MOUNT SLIDES OF THE LETTERS O, C, AND E AND DRAW WHAT YOU OBSERVE UNDER LOW OR HIGH POWER (10X OR 40X). KEEP YOUR WET MOUNT OF THE LETTER “E” FOR #33.
NOTICE WHAT HAPPENS TO YOUR SPECIMEN WHEN YOU MOVE THE SLIDE ONE WAY OR THE OTHER.
PAY ATTENTION TO WHAT HAPPENS TO YOUR FIELD OF VIEW WHEN YOU INCREASE MAGNIFICATION (AS WELL AS IF YOU HAVE TO ADJUST YOUR LIGHT DIAPHRAGM).
FOR PART D, USE THE COLORED THREADS SLIDE IN THE BACK OF THE ROOM FOR #25-30.
FOR PART E, USE THE TRANSPARENT RULER IN THE BACK OF THE ROOM TO MEASURE YOUR FIELD OF VIEW USING THE 4X OBJECTIVE LENS (USE mm MARKINGS AND PLACE THE RULER ON THE FAR LEFT OF YOUR FIELD OF VIEW, MAKE YOUR MEASUREMENT AND THEN CONVERT IT TO MICROMETERS).
FINISH THE LAB BY DOING ANALYSIS QUESTIONS #1-6 ON P.694.

13. How to Use the Microscope

14. MICROSCOPE QUIZ FORMAT
21 M.C. QUESTIONS
3 M.C. BONUS QUESTIONS (1 PT. EACH)
REVIEW: OUTLINE SHEET, LAB ANALYSIS QUESTIONS, STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS, MICROSCOPE DIAGRAM p.692