1. Cycling of Matter Energy for life flows in one way – from the source (sun or chemical)

2. Cycling of Matter Energy for life flows in one way – from the source (sun or chemical) to producer

3. Cycling of Matter Energy for life flows in one way – from the source (sun or chemical) to producer and then through the food web for that ecosystem

4. Cycling of Matter During this process the energy may change forms many times

5. Cycling of Matter During this process the energy may change forms many times and eventually get used up

6. Cycling of Matter Like energy, matter may also change forms, but it does not _________.

7. Cycling of Matter Like energy, matter may also change forms, but it does not get used up. Instead it is continuously ________

8. Cycling of Matter Like energy, matter may also change forms, but it does not get used up. Instead it is continuously recycled through the ecosystem

9. The Hydrologic Cycle - also known as the water cycle, is a circular pathway of water on Earth from the atmosphere, to the surface, below ground, and back

10. The Hydrologic Cycle Precipitation – water from a cloud in the form of rain, snow, sleet or hail

11. The Hydrologic Cycle Evaporation – process by which water changes from liquid form to an atmospheric gas

12. The Hydrologic Cycle Evaporation – process by which water changes from liquid form to an atmospheric gas -85% of Earth’s evaporation occurs in the oceans

13. The Hydrologic Cycle Transpiration – evaporation that occurs between plant leaves and the atmosphere

14. The Hydrologic Cycle condensation - process by which water changes from gas form to a liquid form

15. The Hydrologic Cycle Description of the cycle –

16. The Hydrologic Cycle precipitation falls to Earth where it may - seep into the ground - drop into ponds, streams, lakes, or other waterways that may feed into the oceans - form puddles or other temporary pools

17. The Hydrologic Cycle Evaporation and transpiration occur Sun heats the atmosphere Warm air rises, and eventually cools Water vapor condenses and forms clouds

18. The Hydrologic Cycle When large enough, water droplets return to Earth’s surface in form of precipitation – and the cycle continues

19. Nutrient Cycles Biogeochemical cycle – movement of a particular chemical through the biological and geological, or living and non-living, parts of an ecosystem

20. Nutrient Cycles Four cycles play especially prominent roles in the biosphere

21. Nutrient Cycles Four cycles play especially prominent roles in the biosphere –The oxygen cycle

22. Nutrient Cycles Three cycles play especially prominent roles in the biosphere –The oxygen cycle –The carbon cycle

23. Nutrient Cycles Three cycles play especially prominent roles in the biosphere –The oxygen cycle –The carbon cycle –The nitrogen cycle

24. Nutrient Cycles Three cycles play especially prominent roles in the biosphere –The oxygen cycle –The carbon cycle –The nitrogen cycle –The phosphorus cycle

25. The Oxygen Cycle Plants (producers) release oxygen as a waste product of photosynthesis

26. The Oxygen Cycle Plants (producers) release oxygen as a waste product of photosynthesis Most organisms (plants, animals, etc) take in this oxygen to use in cellular respiration and release it as CO 2 through respiration

27. The Carbon Cycle Carbon is an essential component of

28. The Carbon Cycle Carbon is an essential component of carbohydrates

29. The Carbon Cycle Carbon is an essential component of carbohydrates, proteins

30. The Carbon Cycle Carbon is an essential component of carbohydrates, proteins, fats

31. The Carbon Cycle Carbon is an essential component of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and all the other organic molecules that make up your body

32. The Carbon Cycle Carbon exists in the abiotic world in several forms. Carbon can be found in solid, liquid, an gaseous states.

33. The Carbon Cycle Sources of carbon include – -Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) gas in the atmosphere

34. The Carbon Cycle Sources of carbon include – -Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) gas in the atmosphere -bicarbonate (HCO 3 - ) dissolved in water

35. The Carbon Cycle Sources of carbon include – -Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) gas in the atmosphere -bicarbonate (HCO 3 - ) dissolved in water -fossil fuels, which are underground deposits of oil, natural gas, and coal

36. The Carbon Cycle Sources of carbon include – -Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) gas in the atmosphere -bicarbonate (HCO 3 - ) dissolved in water -fossil fuels, which are underground deposits of oil, natural gas, and coal -carbonate rocks, such as limestone

37. The Carbon Cycle Sources of carbon include – -Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) gas in the atmosphere -bicarbonate (HCO 3 - ) dissolved in water -fossil fuels, which are underground deposits of oil, natural gas, and coal -carbonate rocks, such as limestone -dead organic matter, such as humus, in the soil

38. The Carbon Cycle Description of the cycle --

39. The Carbon Cycle Through process of photosynthesis, CO 2 from the air is converted into organic material (carbohydrates) which then moves through the food web.

40. The Carbon Cycle Carbon is returned to the atmosphere as CO 2 by respiration or through the decomposition of dead organisms.

41. The Carbon Cycle Burning of fossil fuels (automobiles and factories) and wood can also add CO 2 to the atmosphere

42. The Carbon Cycle Methane is another source of atmospheric carbon. It is emitted from wetlands, landfills, and livestock.

43. The Carbon Cycle Not all carbon molecules move freely through the cycle. Areas that store carbon over long periods of time are called carbon sinks. Examples – forests (cellulose), oceans (dissolve), and fossil fuels

44. The Nitrogen Cycle The nitrogen gas which composes

45. The Nitrogen Cycle The nitrogen gas which composes 78% of the Earth’s atmosphere is not useful to most organisms.

46. The Nitrogen Cycle The nitrogen gas which composes 78% of the Earth’s atmosphere is not useful to most organisms. It is more useful to them as ions such as

47. The Nitrogen Cycle The nitrogen gas which composes 78% of the Earth’s atmosphere is not useful to most organisms. It is more useful to them as ions such as ammonium (NH 4 + ) or nitrate (NO 3 - )

48. The Nitrogen Cycle Nitrogen fixation -

49. The Nitrogen Cycle Nitrogen fixation – process by which certain types of bacteria convert nitrogen into nitrogen compounds

50. The Nitrogen Cycle Description of the cycle – Through nitrogen fixation, bacteria convert nitrogen into ammonia. These bacteria can be found living freely in soil or in nodules in roots of certain plants

51. The Nitrogen Cycle Other bacteria convert ammonia into ammonium and eventually into nitrates through a process called nitrification. Nitrates used by plants to make proteins.

52. The Nitrogen Cycle Nitrogen in proteins are passed through food webs and eventually released back into ecosystem by decomposition of waste products or dead organisms

53. The Nitrogen Cycle Nitrates in soil can be converted into nitrogen gas by bacteria through process of denitrification

54. The Phosphorous Cycle Unlike the other cycles, the phosphorus cycle does not include

55. The Phosphorous Cycle Unlike the other cycles, the phosphorus cycle does not include an atmospheric portion.

56. The Phosphorous Cycle Important to living organisms because it forms part of DNA & RNA.

57. The Phosphorous Cycle Phosphate released by weathering of rocks. Plants and fungi take up phosphate. It then passes through food web and will be released into ecosystems by decomposers

58. The Phosphorous Cycle Can also be released into streams, rivers, and oceans to be used by aquatic organisms.

59. The Phosphorous Cycle In aquatic environments can become locked in sediment that will eventually become rock again and continue the cycle

60. The Phosphorous Cycle Large amounts of phosphorous (from fertilizer runoff or sewage) in aquatic systems can lead to algal blooms. These blooms can crowd out other plants and negatively impact wildlife populations