1. Matter on the other hand on earth is a closed system? Why?
Energy flows from the sun to the earth and back out again into space creating an open system for earth
Matter on the other hand on earth is a closed system?
Why?
Hint: Law of Conservation of matter
Give an example or two!
Oxygen
Carbon
Water
Nitrogen
What 4 elements make up 96% of the human body?
COHN

2. KEY CONCEPT Matter cycles in and out of an ecosystem.

3. Water cycles through the environment.
The hydrologic, or water, cycle is the circular pathway of water on Earth.
Organisms all have bodies made mostly of water.

4. About 326 million trillion gallons of water on earth.
If all that water could fit in a 1 gallon container just 3 teaspoons would represent all the available water for life
Rest salty and locked in ice

5. Elements essential for life also cycle through ecosystems.
A biogeochemical cycle is the movement of a particular chemical through the biological and geological parts of an ecosystem.
The main processes involved in the oxygen cycle are photosynthesis and respiration.

6. Oxygen cycles indirectly through an ecosystem by the cycling of other nutrients. Ex. Break down of limestone by acid rain
oxygen
respiration
carbon
dioxide
photosynthesis

7. Carbon is the building block of life.
The carbon cycle moves carbon from the atmosphere, through the food web, and returns to the atmosphere.
Carbon is emitted by the burning of fossil fuels.
Other sources include rocks (limestone), bicarbonate, CO2 in air, Dead stuff
Some carbon is stored for long periods of time in areas called carbon sinks. Ex Trees

8. Carbon Cycle

9. The nitrogen cycle mostly takes place underground.
Some bacteria convert gaseous nitrogen into ammonia through a process called nitrogen fixation.
Some nitrogen-fixing bacteria live in nodules on the roots of plants; others live freely in the soil.
nitrogen in
atmosphere
animals
denitrifying
bacteria
nitrifying
ammonium
ammonification
decomposers
plant
nitrogen-fixing
bacteria in soil
bacteria in roots
nitrates
nitrites

10. Ammonia released into the soil is transformed into ammonium.
Nitrifying bacteria change the ammonium into nitrate.
Nitrogen moves through the food web and returns to the soil during decomposition.
nitrogen in
atmosphere
animals
denitrifying
bacteria
nitrifying
ammonium
ammonification
decomposers
plant
nitrogen-fixing
bacteria in soil
bacteria in roots
nitrates
nitrites

11. The phosphorus cycle takes place at and below ground level.
Phosphate is released by the weathering of rocks.
Phosphorus moves through the food web and returns to the soil during decomposition.
Phosphorus leaches into groundwater from the soil and is locked in sediments.
Both mining and agriculture add phosphorus into the environment.
geologic uplifting
rain
weathering of
phosphate from rocks
runoff
sedimentation
forms new rocks
leaching
phosphate in solution
animals
plants
decomposers
phosphate
in soil