1. Visual Arguments, Evidence & Peer Editing Benchmark English 255 – Tosspon Meeting 9 EAWR Chpt 14, 16 and FFN Chpt 8-9

3. Magnum Photos

5. Visual Arguments: We are a visual culture  Primary way we receive information. Pay attention to  What we need/what we are interested in  What grabs our attention

6. Visual Arguments: We are a visual culture Visual media compete to send us their message. Effects  Choices we make  Things we buy  How we perceive ourselves There’s a thin line between love and obsession. Drive it.

11. Asking the Right Questions What do I see when I look at the image?  How is color used?  What is the significance of the layout?  What are the relative sizes of the objects that compose the image? What is the role of text (language)? Where did I first see this image? Who is the target audience? What is the purpose of this image? What is the message?

12. Color Most of the media representations you see around you make careful use of color.  Is the eye drawn to a certain spot on the page by the strength of a color? the contrast of colors? the absence of color?  How is color being used to capture your eye and keep it on a certain part of the visual?

13. Source: USA Today

15. Layout Layout of objects on the page.  What is your eye drawn to first because of its position? Sometimes focal point will be right in the center  obvious Sometimes central image or message is in upper left hand corner of page  Because we read left to right, tend to look there first

16. Magnum Photos

17. Size Size of people and objects in an image helps designer communicate his/her message.  Our eyes are drawn to largest image first.

19. Text Sometimes image is powerful enough on its own.  Images speak for themselves Marines raising flag at Iwo Jima Sometimes text is included.

23. Text  How much text is there?  Where is it located?  How big is the type?  Is more than one font used?  Does the text actually deliver the message?  Does it enhance the message?

24. Source: USA Today

25. Location To properly evaluate an image, reader must know where the image appeared.  Billboard?  On side of a bus?  In the pages of a magazine? TeenPeople? National Geographic?  On a t-shirt?

27. Target Audience Need to take into consideration for the image to reach its target audience.  For whom is this image intended?  What are the characteristics of this target audience of viewers?  What is the age range?  What is their socioeconomic status?  What work do they do?  Where and how do they live?

28. http://www.whitehouse.gov/president/gallery/ photoessay/ http://www.whitehouse.gov/president/gallery/ photoessay/ http://www.time.com/time/photoessays

29. Purpose Every image has a purpose.  What is this for?

30. Message What is the message of this image?  Challenges the viewers to probe beyond the obvious visual effect to find the message. wear this drink this click here think this way feel this emotion affirm this value http://www.themeatrix.com/

31. Fast Food Nation Quiz Analyze the cover of Fast Food Nation Choose and/or develop a different image to represent Fast Food Nation Chpts 8-9, what would that image look like? Describe it. Deliverable: 1 pg per group, description. Including the image is optional, but encouraged. Deliverable: 1 pg per group, description. Including the image is optional, but encouraged.

32. Assignment 2: Final Benchmark Essay You must choose (or design) a graphic/image to accompany your final paper. It is part of the grade. Consider the colors, the layout, the text use (if any!). What are you trying to convey with the image.

33. Evidence Chapt 16, EAWR

34. Sources Primary vs Secondary Primary sources  original documents, photographs, interviews, and surveys, etc. Secondary sources  already been processed or interpreted by someone else.  Reports, articles, text books, Quantitative vs. Qualitative Quantitative  analysis of numerical data. Qualitative  analysis of data such as words (e.g., from interviews), pictures (e.g., video), or objects (e.g., an artifact).data

35. Primary Sources Observation Interviews Surveys (be careful here – statistical validity and rights of privacy…)

36. Secondary Sources Internet sources  Most reliable:.edu/.gov, least reliable:.com/.org Articles

37. Using Sources: Quote if you… can't say it any better and the author's words are particularly brilliant, witty, edgy, distinctive, a good illustration of a point you're making, or otherwise interesting. are using a particularly authoritative source and you need the author's expertise to back up your point. are analyzing diction, tone, or a writer's use of a specific word or phrase. are taking a position that relies on the reader's understanding exactly what another writer says about the topic.

38. Paraphrase to introduce a writer's position  but his or her original words aren't special enough to quote. you are supporting a particular point and need to draw on a certain place in a text that supports your point  for example, when one paragraph in a source is especially relevant. to present a writer's view on a topic that differs from your position or that of another writer;  you can then refute writer's specific points in your own words after you paraphrase. To comment on a particular example that another writer uses. to present information that's unlikely to be questioned.

39. Using Outside Info Summarizing overview of an entire text, or at least a lengthy section of a text providing background information grounding your own argument mentioning a source as a counter-argument incorporate a large number of sources in a small space Statistics, data, charts, graphs, photographs, illustrations Do not speak for themselves: must introduce open to interpretation. Always, cite the origins of your evidence  if you didn't produce the material you are using yourself.

40. How do I know if I need more evidence? 1. Make a reverse outline (once you are finished writing) 2. Color code your paper. Should NOT be more than 20% other people’s words 3. Get a partner to ask questions about the paper

41. Peer Revision/Review/Editing Ms. Elizabeth Sherrell-Smith will supervise Complete the peer revision handout  READ aloud first  Review assignment: did the author meet all of the requirements?  Gather in classroom after next break.