1. 1914-1918

2. Militarism A nation’s policy of enlisting, training, equipping, and maintaining armed forces ready for war. A nation’s policy of enlisting, training, equipping, and maintaining armed forces ready for war. Germany, Britain, Russia, etc. wanted to prove their military capabilities to world stage Germany, Britain, Russia, etc. wanted to prove their military capabilities to world stage Britain’s sea supremacy challenged by Germany Britain’s sea supremacy challenged by GermanyAlliances All countries involved in treaties that obligated them to defend other nations. Was supposed to maintain “balance of power” All countries involved in treaties that obligated them to defend other nations. Was supposed to maintain “balance of power”

3. Imperialism Building of empires be taking over new territories Building of empires be taking over new territories Scramble for Africa – Germany, France, Britain fighting over resources Scramble for Africa – Germany, France, Britain fighting over resourcesNationalism strong attachment to one’s nation or culture strong attachment to one’s nation or culture eg. small nations like Serbia wanted independence from Austria-Hungary eg. small nations like Serbia wanted independence from Austria-Hungary

4. 66,000 Canadians perish in WW1 (Canada’s total population was only 8 million) 66,000 Canadians perish in WW1 (Canada’s total population was only 8 million) Prime Minister Robert Borden - 1911 to 1920. (On $100 bill) Prime Minister Robert Borden - 1911 to 1920. (On $100 bill) Original Canadian flag. Was not replaced with maple leaf until 1963.

5. Triple Entante – France, Britain, USA, Russia, (Italy) Triple Entante – France, Britain, USA, Russia, (Italy) Triple Alliance – Germany, Austro- Hungary, (Italy) Triple Alliance – Germany, Austro- Hungary, (Italy) Germany devised Schlieffen Plan Germany devised Schlieffen Plan

6. Canadian Involvement Second Battle of Ypres – 1915: German Chlorine Gas Attack. Second Battle of Ypres – 1915: German Chlorine Gas Attack. The Battle of The Somme – 1916: 57,000 British casualties on the 1 st day of the battle. The Battle of The Somme – 1916: 57,000 British casualties on the 1 st day of the battle. Vimy Ridge – 1917: Arthur Currie’s planning and use of the Creeping Barrage led to Canada’s Great Victory. Vimy Ridge – 1917: Arthur Currie’s planning and use of the Creeping Barrage led to Canada’s Great Victory. Sir Authur Currie

7. Battle of Cambrai – 1917: Beginnings of tank warfare. Battle of Cambrai – 1917: Beginnings of tank warfare. The Battle of Passchendale – 1917-18: Bloody Stalemate, Arthur Currie’s prediction of 16,000 Canadian casualties proved accurate. The Battle of Passchendale – 1917-18: Bloody Stalemate, Arthur Currie’s prediction of 16,000 Canadian casualties proved accurate. The Last One Hundred Days – 1918: Forcing the German army back into Germany and surrender on November 11, 1918. The Last One Hundred Days – 1918: Forcing the German army back into Germany and surrender on November 11, 1918. Poppies are laid on the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier on Remembrance Day (November 11) in Ottawa

8. Air War: Canadian Ace Billy Bishop -> Air War: Canadian Ace Billy Bishop -> War at Sea: U Boats (Submarines) War at Sea: U Boats (Submarines) Conscription: being forced to join the army Conscription: being forced to join the army Propaganda: false advertisement against enemies Propaganda: false advertisement against enemies Soldier’s letters to home were censored Soldier’s letters to home were censored Suffragettes: woman who wanted right to vote - Nelly McClung leader in Canada Suffragettes: woman who wanted right to vote - Nelly McClung leader in Canada By end of war, Canadian Navy had over 100 ships By end of war, Canadian Navy had over 100 ships

9. Russian withdrew – internal strife - Russian Revolution 1917 Tzar Nicholas II overthrown by Communist rebels Russian withdrew – internal strife - Russian Revolution 1917 Tzar Nicholas II overthrown by Communist rebels Germans doubled amount of men – as young as 14 Germans doubled amount of men – as young as 14 Americans entered war – joined allies Americans entered war – joined allies 100 days to push Germany back 100 days to push Germany back War ended November 11, 1918 at 11:00am War ended November 11, 1918 at 11:00am