2. Copyright @ 2012, 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc

3. 1) How the population of Texas is described in terms of size, diversity, distribution, and religious beliefs 2) How the Texas economy compares with other states 3) How political scientists describe the Texas political culture Copyright @2012, 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc

4. POPULATION: Between 2000 and 2010, the Texas population increased by 4.3 million people, from 20.8 million to 25.1 million, for a growth rate of 21 percent. Opportunities: Greater representation in Congress; a bigger share of federal grant money; and an enlarged tax base Copyright @2012, 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Introduction Challenges: Strain on public services that comes with significant increases in traffic, garbage, children attending schools, and the need for increased law enforcement Illustrates the importance of demographic, economic, and cultural context of policymaking in Texas

5. Population Size and Growth Texas’ growth rate between 2000 and 2010 was 2.1 percent The population of the Lone Star State increased more rapidly than did the population of the nation as a whole. Both natural population increases and immigration contribute to population growth in Texas. Copyright @2012, 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc The People of Texas

6. Copyright @ 2012, 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc As Figure 1.1 shows, the state’s population expanded the most rapidly between 1970 and 1980, growing at an annual rate of 2.7 percent. The growth rate between 2000 and 2010 was 2.1 percent.

7. Natural population increase: The extent to which live births exceed deaths, accounted for 55 percent of the state’s population growth between 2000 and 2010 Immigration: From 2000 to 2010, Texas recorded a net gain of 1.9 million residents from international and domestic immigration combined. Copyright @2012, 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Population Increase

8. Copyright @ 2012, 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Education is the key to the future of Texas, especially for the state’s growing Latino and African American population. Half of the public school students in Texas are now Latino.

9. Population Diversity The population of Texas is quite diverse – More than half of Texans (55 %) are members of racial and ethnic minority groups. According to the 2010 census, the Texas population is: 45 percent white (not Hispanic) 38 percent Latino 12 percent African American 4 percent Asian American, and 1 percent other Copyright @2012, 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc The People of Texas

10. Ethnic communities are distributed unevenly across Texas. Most African Americans live in the rural areas and small towns of East Texas, along the Gulf Coast, and in metropolitan areas. Asians are clustered in the Gulf Coast region, and many Texans of German and Czech descent live in the Hill Country in Central Texas. Copyright @2012, 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc The People of Texas Latinos are more numerous in South and West Texas.

11. Population Distribution The Texas population is not evenly distributed. 2000 – 2010: Of the state’s 254 counties, 37 clustered around Houston, Dallas-Fort Worth, the Hill Country, and the Rio Grande Valley grew between 20 and 82 percent. Seventy-nine counties, mostly in West Texas, lost population. Copyright @2012, 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc The People of Texas

12. Copyright @ 2012, 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Table 1.1 identifies the largest cities in the state, showing their population in 2010 and their rate of population growth since the 2000 census. Three Texas cities — Houston, San Antonio, and Dallas — are among the 10 largest cities in the United States.

13. By law everyone who graduates from a public high school in Texas is charged in-state tuition, whether they are in the United States legally or not. Do you agree with this policy? Why or why not? Copyright @2012, 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc What Do You Think?

14. Religious Belief and Practice Texans are more religious than people in the nation as a whole. 77 percent are “absolutely certain” of their belief in God compared with a national figure of 71 percent. 67 percent say that religion is “very important” in their lives compared with a national figure of 56 percent. 47 percent attend religious services at least once a week compared with a national figure of 39 percent. 66 percent indicate that they pray at least once a day compared with a national figure of 58 percent. Copyright @2012, 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc The People of Texas

15. An Economy in Transition For most of Texas’ history, the state’s economy was based on the sale of agricultural commodities and raw materials. Copyright @2012, 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc The Texas Economy PhotoTexas Energy Museum 1901: oil was discovered at Spindletop. Subsequently, oil and gas deposits were found throughout the state, and Texas became the nation’s leading producer of oil and gas.

16. Copyright @ 2012. 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc As Figure 1.2 demonstrates, Texas oil production fell steadily for years before recently trending upward because of improved production techniques and the incentive of high prices.

17. The Texas economy is more diverse than ever before. Although agriculture and energy are still important features of the state’s economic picture, other industries play a major role, including: Aeronautics, defense, computer technology, healthcare, communication, insurance, entertainment, and tourism. Copyright @2012, 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc The Texas Economy

18. Texas Oil Production Is on the Rise. Does the increased production reflect the discovery of new oil fields in Texas? Why is all of this happening now? Is Texas heading for a new energy boom? How would that affect the state’s economy? Copyright @2012, 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Breaking News!

19. Wealth, Poverty, and Healthcare 2010: Texas’ gross state product (GSP) – the total value of goods and services produced in a state in a year – was $1.3 trillion. Copyright @2012, 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc The Texas Economy If Texas were an independent nation, it would have the fifteenth biggest economy in the world.

20. Copyright @ 2012, 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Figure 1.3 compares the annual growth rate of the Texas economy with the rate of economic growth for the entire nation from 2000 through 2010.

21. Wealth, Poverty, and Healthcare Texas is a relatively poor state, at least in terms of individual and family income. 2010: Texas median annual household income – $47,445 Nationally – $49,445 Copyright @2012, 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc The Texas Economy The income differential annually among the rich, the poor, and those in the middle in Texas is relatively large. Top one-fifth: $118,971 Middle one-fifth: $41,015 Bottom one-fifth: $14,724

22. Wealth, Poverty, and Healthcare Texas has the highest percentage of residents without health insurance in the nation. Nearly 24.6 percent of Texas adults lack health insurance coverage compared with a national average of 16.3 percent. Copyright @2012, 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc The Texas Economy Regarding the percentage of children without health insurance coverage: Texas – 15.4 percent vs. the national average of 9.8 percent

23. Is abstinence-only education the correct approach in Texas? Copyright @2012, 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc What Do You Think? The teen birthrate in Texas is 64 births for every 1,000 teenage girls; the national rate is 43 per 1,000. 23 percent of teen mothers in Texas are giving birth to their second, third, or even fourth child. The highest percentage of repeat teenage mothers in the nation

24. The widely held, deeply rooted political values of a society Professor Daniel Elazar identifies three strains of political culture found in the United States: Individualistic Moralistic Traditionalistic Copyright @2012, 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Political Culture

25. Individualistic Political Culture Emphasizes private initiative with a minimum of government interference Stresses the importance of the individual and private enterprise Government’s role should be limited to protecting individual rights and ensuring that social and political relationships are based on merit. Copyright @2012, 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Political Culture

26. Moralistic Political Culture People expect government to intervene in the social and economic affairs of the state, promoting the public welfare and advancing the public good. Participation in political affairs is regarded as one’s civic duty. Copyright @2012, 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Political Culture

27. Traditionalistic Political Culture Views the role of government as the preservation of tradition and the existing social order Government leadership is in the hands of a social elite, and the level of participation by ordinary citizens in the policymaking process is relatively low. Copyright @2012, 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Political Culture

28. According to Elazar Includes both traditionalistic and individualistic elements Copyright @2012, 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Texas Political Culture Traditionalistic: Texas has a long history as a one-party state, low levels of voter turnout, and social and economic conservatism. Individualistic: Texas’ strong support for private business, opposition to big government, and faith in individual initiative

29. Political culture that is conducive to the development of an efficient, effective government that meets the needs of its citizens in a timely and professional manner Political scientists Tom W. Rice and Alexander F. Sundberg identify four elements of a civic culture: Civic engagement Political equality Solidarity, trust, and tolerance Social structure of cooperation Copyright @2012, 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Civic Culture

30. Volunteering: A way to give back to the community Developing community attachment by learning about problems and helping solve them Personally rewarding Copyright @2012, 2011, 2009, 2007 Pearson Education, Inc Getting Involved