1. PLANTS TRANSFORMATION Week 7

2. INTRODUCTION Plants Transformation the introduction of foreign genes into plant cells and the subsequent regeneration of transgenic plants In nature, usually mediated (perantaran) by Agrobacterium tumefaciens, a soil plant pathogenic bacterium. Sources: de la Riva et. Al., Agrobacterium tumefaciens: a natural tool for plant transformation, Electronic journal of Biotechnology, Vol. 1, (3). 1998.

3. formation of the crown gall tumors

4. Formation of Crown Gall Tumor tumor formation may be a result of the gene transfer from A. tumefacien to infected plant cells. ability to transfer a particular DNA segment (T-DNA) of the tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid into the nucleus of infected cells where it is then stably integrated into the host genome and transcribed, causing the crown gall disease.

6. Questions for Assignment 1.Illustrate mechanism of tumor induction by A. tumefaciens related to T-DNA transfer. 2.What are the beneficial uses of Plant Transformation in Plant Biotechnology. 3.Establish an example of the concept of plant transformation towards development of transgenic plant through genetic engineering.

7. Questions for Assignment 4. Propose modification of steps in methodology of performing plant transformation among monocotyledon. 5. Establish steps in plant micropropagation starting from explant selection until aclimatilization. 6. Analysis several problems may encounter when conducting plant micropropagation.

8. Questions for Assignment 7. Evaluate the production of plant secondary metabolite using cell and tissue culture methodology. 8. Propose a method on the production of plantlet from cell suspension cultures using an identified example. 9. What is somaclonal variation. Analyze the occurrence of this phenomenon in cell and tissue culture technique.

9. Terms and Conditions 1.Prepare the assignment base on numbering of your group. 2.Each assignment should not less than 3 and exceed 5 pages. 3.Each assignment should comprise of texts and related figures. 4.Format of assignment depend on requirement of question. 5.Submit within 2 weeks time.