1. Nano-Technology
Lee Zi Jing
3i3 (13)

2. What is nano-technology?
Nano-technology is the study of matter at an atomic scale
It generally deals with materials from 1 to 100 nano meters in size
Nano-technology involves a diverse range of research.
In this presentation, we will be examining the uses of nano carbon.

3. The nano scale
One nanometer (nm) is one billionth, or 10−9, of a meter.
A nanometer to a meter is marble to the size of the earth.
In the time a man takes to raise the razor the shave his beard, it has grown by a nano meter!
100
10-9
10-6
10-3
103
106
109

4. Carbon Melting point: ~ 3500oC Atomic radius: 0.077 nm
Basis in all organic componds
10 mill. carbon componds

5. Bonding of Carbon
Graphite
Diamond

6. Bonding in nano carbon

7. Nano carbon - Materials
Fullerene
Tubes
Cones
Carbon black
Horns
Rods
Foams
Nanodiamonds

8. Fullerene
A fullerene is any molecule composed entirely of carbon, in the form of a hollow sphere, ellipsoid or tube.
”The most symmetrical large molecule”
Discovered in 1985
- Nobel prize Chemistry 1996, Curl, Kroto, and Smalley
C60, 70, 76 and 84.
~1 nm

9. Fullerene Properties Symmetric shape → lubricant Large surface area
→ catalyst
High temperature (~500oC)
High pressure
Hollow
→ caging particles

10. Fullerene Properties Chemically stable as graphite
- most reactive at pentagons
Crystal by weak van der Waals force
Superconductivity
- K3C60: 19.2 K
- RbCs2C60: 33 K

11. Tubes
Roll-up vector:
Discovered 1991, Iijima

12. Tube Properties
Carbon nanotubes are very flexible

13. Cones Discovered 1994 (closed form) Ge & Sattler
1997 (open form) Ebbesen et al.
Closed: same shape as HIV capsid
Possible scale-up production (open form)
Used for hydrogen storage
Nano carbon cones at various angles of opening
19.2 o
38.9 o
60.0 o
84.6 o
112.9 o
Scale : 200 nm

14. Carbon Black Large industry
- millions of tons per year
Tires, black pigments, plastics, dry-cell batteries, UV-protection etc.
Size: 10 – 400 nm

15. Applications of nano carbon materials
Writing
Transistor
Antenna
Flat Screen Displays
Yarn

16. Writing C60 (Fullerene): 1000x better resolution than ink (Xerox)
Carbon – graphite
C60 (Fullerene): 1000x better resolution than ink (Xerox)

17. Transistor Vacuum tubes - Nobel prize 1906, Thomson. Emitter Collector
                      
Vacuum tubes
- Nobel prize 1906, Thomson.
Emitter
Collector
Base

18. Antenna waves

19. Antennas Dipole, used for raiowaves Nanotube, used for optical waves
Radio wave:
Dipole, used for raiowaves
~ 3/4 m
Nanotube, used for optical waves
Optical wave: L

20. Flat screen displays
Field emission

21. Yarn MWCNT Operational -196oC < T < 450oC Electrical conducting
Toughness comparable to Kevlar
No rapture in knot

22. THANK YOU! Nanocarbon Properties Applications Conclusion
- fullerene ”most symmetrical”
- tubes ”strongest”
- cones ”one of the sharpest”
- carbon black - ”large production”
Properties
- electrical, mechanical, thermal, storage, caging
Applications
- antenna, writing, transistor, yarn, flat screen displays
THANK YOU!