1. Falcon Focus What is the saying for Natural Selection?
Essential Question:
How would you explain the connections between eons, eras, periods, and epochs?

2. What happens to animals that do not adapt to their environments.
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
What happens to animals that do not adapt to their environments.

3. FALCON FOCU TIME

4. NAME 3 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN INTRUSIVE AND EXTRUSIVE ROCKS.
QUESTION #1
NAME 3 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN INTRUSIVE AND EXTRUSIVE ROCKS.

5. QUESTION #2
ALL ROCKS GO THROUGH WHAT PROCESS AND WHEN THEY GO THROUGH THAT PROCESS, THEY CAN BE BROKEN DOWN INTO WHAT?

6. NAME THE THREE TYPES OF ROCKS AND WHERE THEY ARE FOUND?
QUESTION #3
NAME THE THREE TYPES OF ROCKS AND WHERE THEY ARE FOUND?

7. NAME THE PROCESSES OF THE 3 TYPES OF ROCKS.
QUESTION #4
NAME THE PROCESSES OF THE 3 TYPES OF ROCKS.

8. FOSSILS ARE NORMALLY FOUND IN WHAT TYPE OF ROCK?
QUESTION #5
FOSSILS ARE NORMALLY FOUND IN WHAT TYPE OF ROCK?

9. Summary Lesson What did you learn from this lab?
How did this lab relate to adaptation?
Which apparatus/bird beak did the best?
Which apparatus/bird beak did the worst?
What would happen to the bird that did the worst and what would happen to the bird that did the best?

10. WHAT IS THE GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE?
Essential Question
WHAT IS THE GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE?

11. FALCON FOCUS QUESTIONS
WHICH LAYER IS THE ONLY LIQUID LAYER?

12. WHICH LAYER HAS THE MOST MASS? WHY?
QUESTION #2
WHICH LAYER HAS THE MOST MASS? WHY?

13. WHICH LAYERS ARE NOT MADE UP OF ROCK? WHAT ARE THEY MADE UP OF?
QUESTION #3
WHICH LAYERS ARE NOT MADE UP OF ROCK? WHAT ARE THEY MADE UP OF?

14. WHICH LAYER DEALS WITH THE MAGNETIC FIELD?
QUESTION #4
WHICH LAYER DEALS WITH THE MAGNETIC FIELD?

15. WHICH LAYER LIES BETWEEN THE CRUST AND THE UPPER MANTLE?
QUESTION #5
WHICH LAYER LIES BETWEEN THE CRUST AND THE UPPER MANTLE?

16. QUESTION #6
WHICH LAYER DO THE TECTONIC PLATES FLOATS ON TOP OF? WHAT CAUSES THE PLATES TO FLOW?

17. The Geological Time Scale
8-2.4 Recognize the relationship among the units—era, epoch, and period—into which the geologic time scale is divided.

18. Objective FF EQ Informational text reading
Take Notes on Geologic Time Scale
Learn How to Read a Geologic Time Scale
Geologic Time Scale Activity
Closure

19. Informational Text Questions
1. Name the divisions of the geologic scale from the largest to the smallest.
2. What does the Phanerozoic Eon represent?
3. How many major divisions are in Precambrian Time?
4.. Name the divisions the Phanerozoic Eon is subdivided into.
5. What does the suffix zoic means?
6. What does the prefix Paleo, Meso, and Cen means?
7. Name what each era has been referred to. (Age of ….)

20. What is the Earth’s time scale?
The Geological time scale is a record of the life forms and geological events in Earth’s history.
Scientists developed the time scale by studying rock layers and fossils world wide.

21. Reading and About the geologic time scale divisions
The geologic history of the Earth is broken up into hierarchical chunks of time. From largest to smallest, this hierarchy includes EONS, ERAS, PERIODS, AND EPOCHS. All of these are displayed in the portion of the geologic time scale shown below.

22. The Phanerozoic Eon is subdivided into three major divisions: the PALEOZOIC, MESOZOIC, AND CENOZOIC Eras. The "-zoic" suffix comes from the root "zoo," which means animal.
Cen-" means __RECENT_, "Meso-" means _MIDDLE__, and "Paleo-" means ___ANCIENT_.

23. The geologic time scale divides Earth’s long history into units of time: There are 4 major subdivisions of Geologic Time
Eons which subdivides into eras
Eras which subdivides into periods
Periods which subdivides into epochs
Eons
Eras
Periods
Epochs
BIG E = E + P = EP

24. Turn to Page 100 in the text book
Make sure that the chart is correct and if not make corrections.

25. GEOLOGIC TIME QUESTIONS
1. Name the divisions in order from the largest to the smallest?
 EONS, ERAS, PERIODS, & EPOCH
2. Name the divisions in order from the smallest to the largest?
 EPOCH, PERIODS, ERAS, & EONS
3. Name the 3 Eras.
 PALEOZOIC, MESOZOIC, & CENOZOIC

26. 4. What is the present day or modern day Eon, Era, Period, and EPOCH we live in?
EON: PHANEROZOIC
ERA: CENOZOIC
PERIOD: QUARTNERY
EPOCH: HOLOCENE
5.Triassic is a __PERIOD_____.
6. Precambrian has _3_ Eons.

27. 7. Name the 1st period and which Era do it belong to?
CAMBRIAN, PALEOZOIC ERA
8. _CENOZOIC_ is the only Era that contains epochs.
9. All Eras end with the suffix __ZOIC_.
10. All epochs end with the suffix __OCENE__.

28. What did our earth look like in the Precambrian time?
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
What did our earth look like in the Precambrian time?

29. FALCON FOCUS TIME

30. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A RIFT AND A RIDGE?
QUESTION 1
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A RIFT AND A RIDGE?

31. NAME 4 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CONTINENTAL AND OCEANIC CRUST.
QUESTION 2
NAME 4 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CONTINENTAL AND OCEANIC CRUST.

32. WHICH BOUNDARY DEALS WITH THE SUBDUCTION ZONE?
QUESTION 3
WHICH BOUNDARY DEALS WITH THE SUBDUCTION ZONE?

33. NAME THE STRESSES THAT GOES ALONG WITH EACH BOUNDARY
QUESTION 4
NAME THE STRESSES THAT GOES ALONG WITH EACH BOUNDARY

34. NAME THE FAULTS THAT GOES ALONG WITH EACH BOUNDARY.
QUESTION 5
NAME THE FAULTS THAT GOES ALONG WITH EACH BOUNDARY.

35. TELL HOW EACH BOUDARY PLATES MOVE.
QUESTION 6
TELL HOW EACH BOUDARY PLATES MOVE.

36. VOCABULARY WORDS ADAPTATION TRAIT VARIATION NATURAL SELECTION
EVOLUTION
EON
ERA
PERIOD
EPOCH
GEOLOGIC TIME

37. Review
1. Name the divisions of the geologic scale from the largest to the smallest.
2. What does the Phanerozoic Eon represent?
3. How many major divisions are in Precambrian Time?
4.. Name the divisions the Phanerozoic Eon is subdivided into.
5. What does the suffix zoic means?
6. What does the prefix Paleo, Meso, and Cen means?
7. Name what each era has been referred to. (Age of ….)

38. Cambrian being the first period is important.
With a more complete fossil record available, the periods of the Cenozoic era are subdivided further into epochs.
Present day Earth is in the Cenozoic era and the Quaternary period in the Holocene epoch.
Geologic time has not ended.

39. The suffix Zoic means life forms or zoo.
Term
Prefix
Meaning
Phanerozoic
Phanero
Visible or Apparent
Paleozoic
Paleo
Ancient or old
Mesozoic
Meso
Middle
Cenozoic
Ceno
Recent
The suffix Zoic means life forms or zoo.

40. Major information found on the geologic time scale includes:
Precambrian is the name given to the earliest span of time in Earth history.
Geologists divide the time between Precambrian and the present into three long units called eras (Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic).
The names of the eras are important, as is the order from oldest era to most recent.

44. GET OUT A SHEET OF PAPER AND DIVIDE INTO 4 AREAS
PRECAMBRIAN TIME PALEOZOIC ERA MESOZOIC ERA CENOZOIC ERA

45. ARTICLE

46. PRECAMBRIAN TIME VIDEOS
What do you notice about the diversity of our planet?
When does diversity increase?
Why do you think that is?

47. Major information found on the geologic time scale includes:
During the first billion years of Earth’s history, the land was covered with volcanoes. Over the next 3 billion years, simple life-forms began to live in oceans.

48. The Precambrian Time!
By Kahli Veys

49. Divisions of Geologic Time
Geological time begins with Precambrian Time. Precambrian time covers approximately 88% of Earth’s history.

50. If we represent Earth’s history on a 24 hour clock…
= Precambrian era
Precambrian Earth Video: Click Here!!

51. Why do you think the Precambrian lasted for the longest time?
What do you think happened that caused the first single celled organism to appear?
What do you think our earth would be like today if it wasn’t for the single celled organism?

52. Precambrian Timeframe
4.5 billion to 544 million years ago

53. Precambrian Facts
Is the longest part of Earth’s history

54. What Happened During the Precambrian Era?
Earth formed
Life arose
First tectonic plates arose and began to move
Eukaryotic cells evolved
Atmosphere became enriched in oxygen
And, just before the end of the Precambrian, complex multicellular organisms, including the first animals, evolved.

55. Precambrian Animals
Most organisms had soft bodies which looked like modern jellyfish and worms
Stromatolites: layered mats formed by colonies or groups of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae thought to be one of the earliest life forms on Earth.)
Invertebrates (animals with no backbone) appeared near the end of the Precambrian Time
Many Precambrian fossils are Trace fossils

56. Precambrian Land Features
Primarily covered by the ocean

57. MASS EXTINCTION
MASS EXTINCTION IS THE EVENT THAT ENDED PRECAMBRIAN TIME.
* glaciation event
Precambrian time were marked by a prolonged global ice age. This may have led to widespread extinctions.

58. WHy do we have separations of eons and eras?
What do you think happens to organisms after a mass extinction?

59. Relay Race
Precambrian Time was mostly covered by what?

60. Precambrian Time was the ______ part of the Earth’s history

61. What types of animals lived during Precambrian time?

62. Precambrian Time is known as a ________ because it contains 3 eons.

63. What caused the mass extinction of Precambrian Time?

64. Name the 3 eons that formed during Precambrian Time.

65. Life first appeared during which eon?

66. Homework
STUDY FOR VOCAB QUIZ

67. Standard
8-2.3 Explain how Earth’s history has been influenced by catastrophes (including the impact of an asteroid or comet, climatic changes, and volcanic activity) that have affected the conditions on Earth and the diversity of its life-forms.

68. Along with the study of the geologic time scale, the changes in life forms, additions and extinctions, are often accompanied by changes in environmental conditions on Earth. These environmental changes have been influenced by the impact of an asteroid or comet, climatic changes, and volcanic activity.

69. Volcanic activity
From the earliest days while Earth was forming to present day, volcanic activity has been part of the nature of this changing planet.
During the Precambrian time volcanic activity was one of the most natural events, but lava flows, ash clouds in the atmosphere, and heat made conditions for life forms extremely difficult.

70. The eras of Earth history can be studied in light of conditions on Earth, the effect of those conditions on life-forms, and the possibilities of rapid changes to both (environmental conditions and life forms) due to catastrophes.

72. Paleozoic Era Timeframe
544 million to 248 million years ago

73. Falcon Focus
Which type of rock do scientist study to determine the relative age of a rock layer?
A. igneous
B. metamorphic
C. sedimentary
D. igneous and metamorphic

74. Essential Question
Why was the Hadean Eon not considered to be geologic time period?

75. Note check 1. Name the 3 eons that occurred during Precambrian Time.
2. Name 3 important events that occurred during Precambrian Time.
3. Because Precambrian consisted of 3 eons, what was the informal name for it?
4. What caused the mass extinction of the Precambrian Time?

76. Important Facts This division is known as ancient life.
During most of the Era, warm shallow seas covered much of the planet.
At the end of this era, more than 90% of all ocean species and 70% of all land species died
Pangea was forming during this era as far as coming together

77. Animals Animals had shells and other hard body parts began to appear
Began with invertebrates, such as Trilobites and brachiopods which lived during this era
Vertebrates (animals with backbones) arose during this era such as fish amphibians, then arachnids and insects
The earliest vertebrates were fishlike creatures without jaws and had lungs instead of gills.
some vertebrates adapted on land
Near the end of this era reptiles became dominant
Amphibians (reptiles) species developed the ability to lay eggs

78. Land Features
By the Devonian Period, forests began to grow on land and
Early land plants included simple mosses, ferns, and then cone-bearing plants.
By the end of the era, seed plants were common.
The mass extinction that ended the era caused most marine invertebrates as well as amphibians to disappear.
Mountains formed during this era (Appalachian Mtn.)

79. FOUR Eras… PRE-CAMBRIAN – 88% of earth’s history
Paleozoic (ancient life)
544 million years ago…lasted 300 million yrs
Mesozoic (middle life)
245 million years ago…lasted 180 million yrs
Cenozoic (recent life)
65 million years ago…continues through present day

80. Today…
Today we are in the Holocene Epoch of the Quaternary Period of the Cenozoic Era.
Which unit is the largest?
Which unit is the smallest?

81. Today…
Today we are in the Holocene Epoch of the Quaternary Period of the Cenozoic Era.
Which unit is the largest?
Which unit is the smallest?

83. Paleozoic Era (Ancient Life)
The Cambrian period is the 1st period of the Paleozoic Era. “Age of the Trilobites”
Explosion of life in the oceans began during this era.
Most of the continents were covered in warm, shallow seas.
Invertebrates were dominate - Trilobites
Fish emerged during this time
Fish led to the arrival of amphibians
The end of the Paleozoic era is called the “Age of Amphibians”
Early land plants including mosses, ferns and cone-bearing plants.
The early coal forming forests were also formed during this time.

84. Paleozoic Era
Much of the limestone quarried for building and industrial purposes, as well as the coal deposits of western Europe and the eastern United States, were formed during the Paleozoic.
The Cambrian (beginning) opened with the breakup of the world-continent Rodinia and closed with the formation of Pangaea, as the Earth's continents came together once again.
This event is thought to have caused the climate changes that led to mass extinction event.
The Appalachian mountains were formed during this time.

85. Paleozoic Era
At the end of the Paleozoic, the largest mass extinction in history wiped out approximately 90% of all marine animal species and 70% of land animals.
Possible causes of this Mass Extinction Event
Lowering of sea levels when the continents were rejoined as Pangaea (convergent boundary)
Increased volcanic activity (ash and dust)
Climate changes – cooler climate

86. Trilobites Lived in Earth’s ancient seas
Extinct before the dinosaurs came into existence
Cambrian Period is know as the “Age of the Trilobites” (put in on table)

87. Brachiopods
Marine animals that resemble clams.

88. Early Fish Early fish did not have jaws.
Some species of sharks were in existence at this time.

89. Frilled Shark that was found in Japan in January 2007
Frilled Shark that was found in Japan in January This shark was considered a “living fossil”

90. Early Land Plants
Mosses
Cone bearing plants
Ferns

91. Mesozoic Era – Middle Life
At the beginning of this era the continents were joined as Pangaea.
Pangaea broke up around the middle of this era.
Reptiles became the most abundant animals because of their ability to adapt to the drier climate of the Mesozoic Era.
Skin maintains body fluids
Embryos live in shells

92. At the beginning of this era Pangaea formed and during the Triassic Period, Pangaea began to break up ( Pangaea _split__ into 2)
Ended when most of the land and ocean species became extinct when an asteroid collided with Earth

93. Known as the Age of _Dinosaurs____ or the Age of _Reptiles___

94. _Dinosaurs______ lived during this era
_Dinosaurs______ lived during this era. Throughout this era, some dinosaurs became extinct as others adapted.
___Reptiles__ became the most abundant animals in this era

95. During the Triassic Period, a tiny, mouse like animal was the first _mammal____ to appear (Small mammals and birds appeared during this era)

96. life diversified rapidly and giant reptiles and dinosaurs roamed the Earth.
Modern _bird_ appeared

97. Gymnosperms dominated the land.
__Gymnosperms____are plants that produce seeds in cones like pine cones
_Angiosperms____ are flowering plants which first appeared during at the end of this era

98. Time marked by rapid movements of plates

99. Scientists hypothesize that possibly a large _asteroids__ or _comets__ impacted with Earth.

100. Mesozoic Era Dinosaurs were also very active in this era.
First small dinosaurs appeared in the Triassic Period.
Larger and more abundant dinosaurs appeared in the Jurassic Period.
Small mammals and birds also appeared during this era.
The mammals were small, warm-blooded animals. Hair covering their bodies.
These characteristics help them survive in changing environments.

104. Mesozoic Era
The main plant life of this time were Gymnosperms or plants that produce seeds, but no flowers.
Pine Trees
Angiosperms are Flowering plants that during the END of this era.

105. Mesozoic Era
This era ended with a mass extinction event about 65 million years ago.
Many groups of animals, including the dinosaurs disappeared suddenly at this time.
Many scientists believe that this event was caused by a comet or asteroid colliding with the Earth.

110. Mesozoic Era – Mass Extinction Event
Asteroid or Comet collides with Earth.
Huge cloud of smoke and dust fills the air
Blocks out sunlight
Plants die
Animals that eat plants die
Animals that eat plant-eaters die.
However, not all forms of life died during this event. Many animals that you see today are descendants from the survivors of this extinction event.

111. Dinosaurs

112. Mesozoic Reptiles

113. Mesozoic Mammals

115. Mesozoic Plants
Flowering plants evolved towards the end of the Mesozoic Era.

116. ABC brainstorming

117. Falcon Focus What does the law of superposition states?
Essential Question:
What information in the geologic record might lead scientists to infer that shallow seas covered much of the Earth during the Paleozoic Era?

118. Cenozoic Era – Recent Life
Began about 65 million years ago and continues today!!!!!
Climate was warm and mild.
Marine animals such as whales and dolphins evolved.
Mammals began to increase and evolve adaptations that allowed them to live in many different environments – land, air and the sea.
Grasses increased and provided a food source for grazing animals
Many mountain ranges formed during the Cenozoic Era
Alps in Europe and Himalayas in India; Rocky Mountains in the USA

119. Cenozoic Era
Growth of these mountains may have helped to cool down the climate
Ice Ages occurred late in the Cenozoic Era (Quaternary Period).
As the climate changed, the animals had to adapt to the rise and fall of the oceans caused by melting glaciers.
This era is sometimes called the “Age of Mammals”

120. Cenozoic Era Marine animal examples: Land animal examples:
Algae, Mollusks, Fish and Mammals
Land animal examples:
Bats, Cats, Dogs, Cattle and Humans
Humans are thought to have appeared around 3.5 million years ago (during the most recent period – Quaternary).
Flowering plants were now the most common plant life.

121. Cenozoic Mammals

122. Flowering Plants were common during the Cenozoic Era

123. Falcon Focus
Which two eras of Earth's history ended with major extinctions of species due to a catastrophic event such as an asteroid or comet?
A. Precambrian and Paleozoic
B. Paleozoic and Mesozoic
C. Paleozoic and Cenozoic
D. Mesozoic and Cenozoic

124. Essential Question
How would you explain how the Earth's history has been influenced by climatic changes?

125. Falcon Focus What caused the mass extinction during Precambrian Time?
Essential Question: What things first appeared in the Precambrian Time and became dominant during the Paleozoic Era?

126. 5 Question Quiz Which era is the age of dinosaurs?
Which era is the age of trilobites?
Which era is the age of mammals?
What is the connection between periods, eons, eras, and epochs?
5. Give 2 facts about the Precambrian Time.

127. Standard
8-2.3 Explain how Earth’s history has been influenced by catastrophes (including the impact of an asteroid or comet, climatic changes, and volcanic activity) that have affected the conditions on Earth and the diversity of its life-forms.

128. Impact of an asteroid or comet
What is the difference between asteroids and comets? The main difference between asteroids and comets is what they are made of. Asteroids are made up of metals and rocky material, while comets are made up of ice, dust and rocky material. Both asteroids and comets were formed early in the history of the solar system about 4.5 billion years ago.

129. Asteroids formed much closer to the sun, where it was too warm for ices to remain solid. Comets formed farther from the sun where ices would not melt. Comets which approach the sun loose material with each orbit because some of their ice melts and vaporizes to form a tail.

130. Impact of an asteroid or comet
Earth’s atmosphere protects the planet from many of the meteors that enter it, resulting in their burning up before striking the surface.
At the end of the Mesozoic Era, when reptiles, early birds and mammals thrived, many groups of animals disappeared suddenly.

131. Scientists hypothesize that possibly a large asteroid or comet impacted with Earth.
This impact caused dust and smoke to rise into the atmosphere and cause climatic changes, as well as the dying of many forms of plant life and animals that depended on those plants for food.
A major life form that disappeared at this time was the dinosaur.

132. Climatic changes
Earth’s environments have many different climates even today. Climate is an ever-changing condition on Earth.
Earliest life forms were influenced by the climates produced by the forming atmosphere and oceans of Earth.

133. Life on land developed and flourished in the tropical climates and warm shallow seas during the Paleozoic Era. Throughout this era as different land environments formed and sea levels changed, new life forms developed. Other life forms that could not adapt or find suitable conditions, especially many marine species, disappeared.

134. During the Mesozoic era, many climate changes occurred due to plate tectonics and the movement of landmasses. Plants and animals that survived through this time had structures and systems that allowed for greater adaptations, such as seed coverings for plant seeds and protective body coverings or constant internal temperature for animals.

135. During the present Cenozoic era, climate conditions continue to change
During the present Cenozoic era, climate conditions continue to change. Major ice ages caused the climate to become much cooler as ice sheets and glaciers covered many areas of Earth. Many mountain ranges formed causing climate differences due to elevation and due to location near those ranges.

136. Volcanic activity
From the earliest days while Earth was forming to present day, volcanic activity has been part of the nature of this changing planet.
During the Precambrian time volcanic activity was one of the most natural events, but lava flows, ash clouds in the atmosphere, and heat made conditions for life forms extremely difficult.

137. As continent collided and mountains built up due to plate tectonics, volcanoes also formed. What type of boundary , stress, and fault is this? __________________________________

138. Volcanic activity continued to be common in the Paleozoic era
Volcanic activity continued to be common in the Paleozoic era. During the rapid movement of plates in the Mesozoic era, collisions and subduction produced extensive volcanic activity around plate boundaries.
Plate boundaries are still the location of much of Earth’s volcanic activity.

139. Very explosive volcanic activity can send ash and dust high into the atmosphere where it is carried great distances around the Earth. The Sun can be blocked for long periods of time. This violent type of activity can disrupt many of Earth’s processes and ultimately the life forms that depend on those processes.

140. The eras of Earth history can be studied in light of conditions on Earth, the effect of those conditions on life-forms, and the possibilities of rapid changes to both (environmental conditions and life forms) due to catastrophes.

141. Life forms found in each Era
On your worksheet,:
- List Geologic Events found in
each Era.
- List Life forms found in each Era.
- Draw pictures of Life Forms…
USE COLOR!
Make sure you are putting them in the correct block!!