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Earth’s History & Geologic Time Notes
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How Changes Occur on the Earth
Plate Tectonics: theory of how Earth’s tectonic _______ move and ________ in _______ plates move an average of _______ a year and in ______ different ways plates change shape 2-5cm three
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How Changes Occur on the Earth
convergent boundary: plates move ________ each other plates can _______ to form ___________ or one plate can _____ ______ another plate creating a line of ___________ toward collide mountains slide under volcanoes
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How Changes Occur on the Earth
divergent boundary: plates move ______ from each other new _____ ______ here; could be new _______ floor or ___________ crust away land forms ocean continental
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How Changes Occur on the Earth
transform boundary: plates _____ _____ each other creating _____________ slide past earthquakes
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How Changes Occur on the Earth
Continental Drift: describes that as tectonic _______ move, ___________ have _______ with them changing the Earth’s surface plates continents moved
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Quick Write # 1 How does the Planet Earth Change?
List two directions that the plates move and what do they form? What is Continental Drift? How fast are the plates moving apart per year?
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Affects of Earth Changes
As _______ and continents ______ together and ______, there are many consequences can ________ how ______ currents and _____ patterns flow on the Earth these changes affect the _____ of _____ around the Earth which can cause _________ in ________ plates move apart change ocean wind flow heat changes climate
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Warm tropical waters flowed between continents
Ex: when the panama land bridge formed it changed the flow of the oceans. Gulf stream created. Moves warm water across the Atlantic Ocean giving western Europe a mild climate. Warm tropical waters flowed between continents
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Affects of Earth Changes
can cause the __________ of new _________ and environments can ________ existing habitats and ______________ formation habitats destroy environments
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Ex: the panama land bridge also changed habitats and the distribution of organisms.
Land animals not able to move between continents, however, sea animals were able to move between the oceans Allowed land animals to move between North & South America. Sea creatures were separated and some evolved into different species.
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Affects of Earth Changes
organisms affected ____________ are _________ by the changes caused by plate tectonics organisms will either _______ to the _________ (evolve) or become ________ extinction: the _______ of every member of a _________ adapt changes extinct death species
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Affects of Earth Changes
some earth changes ____ _______ in the ______ ___________ of organisms mass extinction: the _______ of ______ species around the ______ _____ can result mass extinction death many same time
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Affects of Earth Changes
could be caused by _________ events, like ________ change and changes in ocean currents, or _____________ events, like an _________ impact gradual climate catastrophic asteroid
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Geologic Time Scale Geologic Time Scale smaller units
Developed _________ _____ ______ to break up Earth’s history into ________ ______ Geologic Time Scale smaller units
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Geologic Time Scale 4 divisions
Geologic time scale has ___ major _________ of time: _____ are the ________ division, followed by _____, then ________ and finally ________ (the _________ division of the four) divisions Eons largest eras periods epochs smallest
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Geologic Time Scale determined major changes changes living extinction
divisions of the time scale are ____________ by _______ _________ in Earth’s history major _________ in ______ things, ___________ of living things and changes in the ________ _________ decide how to divide Earth’s history determined major changes changes living extinction Earth’s surface
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Quick Write # 2 4. Name 3 ways that the changes on Earth affect us.
5. Explain what is the Geologic Time Scale.
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Precambrian Time: 4.6 billion years ago – 542 million years ago
First organisms called _____________ (cells without a nucleus) appeared in ________ more than ____ billion years ago prokaryotes oceans 3.6
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Precambrian Time uses photosynthesis released oxygen
Cyanobacteria: type of prokaryote that _____ ________________ to make own food. Photosynthesis _________ ________ into the atmosphere and began to build up over millions of years. uses photosynthesis released oxygen
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Precambrian Time ozone protected radiation complex organisms land
Oxygen build-up led to the formation of _______ which __________ organisms from the harmful _________ of the sun Allowed for development of _________ organisms & for ___________ to survive on _____ ozone protected radiation complex organisms land
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Precambrian Time eukaryotes appear without end Precambrian
After about 1 billion years ____________ (cells with a nucleus) began to _______ Invertebrates (animals ________ backbones) developed near the ____ of the _____________ eukaryotes appear without end Precambrian
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Quick Write # 3 6. What two types of living Organisms appeared during the Precambrian Time? 7. Which one gave Earth oxygen and why was this imporatant?
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Paleozoic Era: 542 – 251 million years ago
hard parts First organisms with _____ body ______ (shells, exoskeletons & bones) evolved Broken into ____ periods six
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Paleozoic Era marine backbones with
Cambrian: ________ animals with hard body parts 2. Ordovician: early vertebrates appeared (animals _____ ____________) with backbones
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Paleozoic Era plant fish dominant amphibians
Silurian: ______ life on land evolved 4. Devonian: ____ evolved and were __________; early ____________ show up in the fossil record plant fish dominant amphibians
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Paleozoic Era Mississippian amphibians dominant reptiles
5. Carboniferous: divided into ______________ & Pennsylvanian in U.S. ● Mississippian: ____________ were the __________ vertebrate ● Pennsylvanian: early ________ emerge Mississippian amphibians dominant reptiles
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Paleozoic Era Pangaea loss habitat
6. Permian: formation of the large land mass called ________ caused ____ of coastal _______ and climate change Pangaea loss habitat
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Paleozoic Era 90 changes environments
Period ended with a mass extinction of ____% of all organisms due to _________ in the _______________ caused by plate tectonics 90 changes environments
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Quick Write #4 8. How long did the Paleozoic Era last?
9. What happened at the end of the Paleozoic Era?
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Mesozoic Era: 251 - 65 million years ago
Era known as “_____ of ___________” and broken into 3 periods 1. Triassic: time of ____________ small ___________ evolved Age Dinosaurs transition dinosaurs
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Mesozoic Era organisms spread land distribution existed
Pangaea ________ during much of the Triassic allowed for ___________ left after Permian mass extinction to ________ over the _____ (allowed for ____________ of organisms) existed organisms spread land distribution
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Mesozoic Era dinosaurs dominant larger dinosaurs
2. Jurassic: ___________ were __________ _______ species of __________ evolved dinosaurs dominant larger dinosaurs
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Mesozoic Era Pangaea __________ throughout the period breaks up
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Mesozoic Era Birds evolved dinosaurs feathers teeth claws
______ are thought to have ________ from __________ Archaeopteryx: wings & _________ like birds, but ______ & ______ like dinosaurs Birds evolved dinosaurs feathers teeth claws
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Mesozoic Era birds sequoias trees
3. Cretaceous: dinosaurs still dominant; modern insect, ______ & mammal groups appear pine, __________, and fir ______ evolved birds sequoias trees
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Mesozoic Era Flowering dominant volcanic
___________ plants (angiosperms) are still __________ today increased _________ activity Flowering dominant volcanic
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Mesozoic Era Dinosaurs extinct changing
___________ became ________ at the end; __________ environments Dinosaurs extinct changing
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The real reason Dinosaurs went extinct…
Dinosaur Extinction.wmv
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Quick Write # 5 10. What happened to Pangaea during the Mesozoic Era?
11. What happened at the end of this Era?
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Cenozoic Era: 65 million years ago to the present
Early in Cenozoic ___________ were small, but _________ into many different _______ over the era, including _______ mammals mammals evolved forms larger
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Cenozoic Era mountain Cascade
Times of ___________ building: Sierra Nevada, _________ & Andes Mountain ranges form mountain Cascade
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Cenozoic Era cooler ice ages species moved others extinct Era
Periods of _______ climates and ____ _____: some ________ _______ towards the equator (warmer climates) and _______ became ________ ____ still ___________ today cooler ice ages species moved others extinct Era continues
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Quick Write # 6 12. What happened during the Cenozoic era after mammals came on the seen? 13. When did the Cenozoic era end?
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