1. Gaijin Japan

2. Definition Gaijin 外人 –Abbreviation for gaikokujin 外国人 –Racial term (some see as racist) –Not generally applied to non-white foreigners

3. Gaijin vs Gaikokujin 外国人を省略した外人 (gaijin) という言葉が批判の対 象になることがある。本来、外国人の略語に過ぎず なんら差別的な意味合いはないのだが、一部に不快 に感じる外国人が存在する。彼らへの配慮から、日 本人でも外人という言葉を避けて、外国人を使うケ ースが見られる。外国・ l が不快に感じることがある 理由として、英語などの外国語では言葉の短縮形が 蔑称としてとらえられる（例： Japanese→Jap ）こと があるため、日本語でもそうであると誤解されてい るケースや、単純に外人であることで日本社会から 疎外されていると感じるケースなどがある。 (Wikipedia 外国人 )

4. Elements Uniting Gaijin Anglophones Predominantly white males Complain about “discrimination” –Only invidious discrimination –Accept special treatment Complaints of “discrimination” and “racism” phrased in “racist” terminology –“The Japanese” rather than “some Japanese”

5. Elements Uniting Gaijin Sense of superiority vis a vis the Japanese –Japanese institutions and behavior are judged inferior to “Western” (usually American) institutions and behavior –Feel qualified to give advice to Japan and Japanese on all aspects of economic policy, politics, law, family relations, etc.

6. Elements Uniting Gaijin Missionary mentality –Enlighten the heathen Japanese –Actual Christian missionaries in past Kenneth Joseph Occupation mentality –US should tell Japan what to do

7. Elements Uniting Gaijin Marginal employment –English conversation instructors –Contract 非常勤 instructors at Japanese universities –Few with mainstream Japanese jobs –Few (if any) who have held mainstream jobs outside of Japan –Freelance journalists and “stringers”

8. Elements Uniting Gaijin Lack of foreign experience –Few have lived as visible foreigners outside of Japan – no comparative perspective –Few have experience living in major US/UK cities –Tend to assume that anything negative is the result of “discrimination” or “racism”

9. Sources for Gaijin Blogs – too numerous to discuss Comments to news articles in Japan-based Anglophone news media –Japan Times (http://www.japantimes.co.jp/) –Japan Today (http://www.japantoday.com/) –Rocket News (http://en.rocketnews24.com/) –Kotaku (http://kotaku.com/tag/japan) Comments to articles about Japan in foreign media –NYT, Washington Post, Guardian, etc.

10. Aliens Use of alien in English as in “alien registration” for gaikokujin toroku 外国人 登録 Alien as extraterrestrial, space aliens Standard terminology in US

11. Alien Registration Frequent subject for criticism in gaijin oriented publications –Required to carry –Required to show –Penalties (theoretical) for failure to carry, show US has similar requirement for permanent residents UK has police registration requirement for students and employed persons from some countries (42)

12. Discrimination

13. Otaru Onsen Case 1999 Naturalized American denied entry, Caucasian appearing child denied entry, Japanese appearing child allowed Onsen justified on basis of drunken Russian soldiers creating friction with Japanese patrons ARUDOU Debit files suit against Otaru and Yu- no-hana Subsequent court action led to damages against Yu-no-hana but not city of Otaru

14. debito.org

15. Arudou Debito Debito Arudou ( 有道 出人 Arudō Debito, born David Christopher Schofill on 13 January 1965) is an American-born Japanese author, columnist, and activist for foreign-born rights in Japan, having become naturalized as a Japanese citizen as an adult. He has also previously been an instructor of English language at Hokkaido Information University and is an affiliate scholar at the East– West Center.

16. “Japanese Only” Shops that have “Japanese Only” signs Basis for PhD dissertation Relatively rare, primarily bars and 風俗営 業 sex industry Often simply means “Japanese speakers” only

17. NJ NJ – non-Japanese Essentially white-European Japanese Interest in non-white, non-Japanese essentially nil “Just Be Cause” column in Japan Times

18. Generalizations About “Japanese” In his Nov. 1, 2011, Just Be Cause column, Arudou's strident sermons plumbed new depths, as he castigated Japan for its "culture of deceit." Here, Arudou was not commenting on a specific issue or injustice, but arguing that Japanese are liars in just about every conceivable situation.

19. Generalizations About Japanese More recently, a post this March on Arudou's Debito.org blog leads me to conclude that he and many of his followers are more interested in attacking Japan and her people than fighting stereotyping and injustice. Arudou has become a roughneck version of a missionary whose every calculated move is made with an aim to convert. Rather than Jesus' teachings, he has Western ideals and values on his side. The unfortunate result is an inability to present an issue with any sense of balance and fairness.

20. Generalizations About “Japanese” Previous slides from article by John Spiri. An associate professor at Gifu Shotoku Gakuen University. He is also webmaster for the Japan Writers Conference and self- publishes textbooks and the Asians at Work series (globalstoriespress.org)

21. Microagressions

22. Microagressions, particularly those of a racialized nature, are, according to Dr. Derald Wing Sue …, “the brief and everyday slights, insults, indignities, and denigrating messages sent to (visible minorities) by well-intentioned (members of an ethnic majority in a society) who are unaware of the hidden messages being communicated.”

23. Microagressions They include, in Japan’s case, verbal cues (such as “You speak such good Japanese!” — after saying only a sentence or two — or “How long will you be in Japan?” regardless of whether a non- Japanese (NJ) might have lived the preponderance of their life here), nonverbal cues (people espying NJ and clutching their purse more tightly, or leaving the only empty train seat next to them), or environmental cues (media caricatures of NJ with exaggerated noses or excessive skin coloration....

24. Microagressions I happen to fight the “big fights” (such as “Japanese Only” signs and rules, official propaganda about foreign crime). But I also fight microaggressions (the racist word “gaijin,” the oddly destructive platitude of “ganbatte,” the effects of NJ being addressed by name without a “san” attached), because after decades of experience I know where they lead to: perpetual subordinate status.

25. “Racist” Advertisements

26. Employment Discrimination Frequent claim in “gaijin” writing Typically contract English conversation instructors who do not get their contracts renewed Claim that this is general popularized in Ivan Hall, Cartels of the Mind (1998) Language teaching is inherently marginal Japanese “adjuncts” 非常勤講師 in same or worse position than foreign nationals

27. Housing Discrimination Only area where claims have some substance Not “racism” but fear of unknown, worry about extra costs Landlords in Japan also “discriminate” against old people, especially singles Japanese students Foreign nationals, especially young English language teachers lack Japanese language skills, credit ratings, guarantors

28. Japanese “Racism” in the Foreign Media

29. Urawa Fans “Japanese Only”

30. April 2014 incident Wildly overblown coverage in English language press 'Japanese Only' banner at soccer stadium a microcosm of discrimination in Japan Described as “racism” although apparently anti-Korean Urawa penalized by having to play game to empty stands No mention in articles about incident that racist slurs and chanting are common in European soccer.

31. Diary of Anne Frank

32. Local news media reports said 31 municipal libraries had found 265 copies of the diary by Frank, the young Holocaust victim, and other books vandalized, usually with several pages torn or ripped out. The reports said some libraries had taken copies of the diary off their shelves to protect them. Anti-Semitism is not common in Japan, but magazine articles and books have occasionally been written that deny the Holocaust or claim that a Jewish conspiracy was behind various historical events. (Hundreds of Anne Frank Books Vandalized in Japan (NYT 21 February 2014))

33. Diary of Anne Frank Overblown rhetoric elsewhere –“Twenty-first century Japan is in the throes of a culture war led by right-wing reactionaries who feel emboldened under Prime Minister [Shinzo] Abe,” says Jeff Kingston, a professor of Asian studies at Temple University’s Tokyo campus. –(http://world.time.com/2014/02/27/anne-frank- japan-diary-vandalized/)

34. Diary of Anne Frank On March 23, Prime Minster of Japan, Mr. Shinzo Abe, visited Anne Frank House and met with Mr. Ronald Leopold, Executive Director of Anne Frank House, during his visit to the Netherland from March 23 to 25. “I read the diary of Anne Frank in my childhood. Not only I but also countless Japanese people have been deeply moved by the life and writings of Anne Frank, who never lost hope, despite her desperate situation.” He added, “the 20th century was an era in which there were repeated wars and repression of human rights but the world should be free from such phenomena in the 21st century. We would like to achieve peace by acknowledging historical issues in an open manner and passing down the lessons learned from history to the future generations.” He also mentioned that the incident of tearing of the diary was deeply regrettable and he wished it would never happen again. http://www.mofa.go.jp/erp/we/nl/page4e_000071.html

35. Diary of Anne Frank Illogical analysis –"The geographic scope of these incidents strongly suggest an organised effort to denigrate the memory of the most famous of the 1.5 million Jewish children murdered by the Nazis in the World War Two Holocaust," associate dean Abraham Cooper said. –(http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-26284614) –Expert “associate dean Abraham Cooper” otherwise unidentified in article Simon Wiesenthal Center in Los Angeles Not obvious that such a person would be familiar with Tokyo geography –Vandalism in one small area of Tokyo suggested not “organised effort” but one person acting alone

36. Diary of Anne Frank Arrest of admitted vandal produced far less coverage than original story –Police in Tokyo say the man they are questioning has admitted tearing pages out of 23 books. Japanese media reported there were doubts about his mental competence. –The man was arrested earlier for putting up posters in one of the bookshops where some of the damaged books were found. –The police are trying to find out if he was behind all the incidents of vandalism which have taken place in 38 libraries in western Tokyo since February. –Some questioned whether the incidents reflected a rightward turn in Japanese politics and a questioning of the truth of some atrocities during WWII. –(http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-26577954)

37. Diary of Anne Frank Lack of journalistic interest in arrest –Only one person –No political motive –Judged mentally incompetent –No connection to right wing groups –No connection to Abe Shinzo

38. Anti-Korean Hate Speech IN OSAKA’s strongly Korean Tsuruhashi district, a 14-year-old Japanese girl went out into the streets last year calling through a loudspeaker for a massacre of Koreans. In Tokyo’s Shin-Okubo neighbourhood, home to one of the largest concentrations of Koreans in Japan, many people say the level of anti-foreigner vitriol—on the streets and on the internet—is without modern precedent. Racists chant slogans such as “Get out of our country”, and “Kill, kill, kill Koreans”.

39. Anti-Korean Hate Speech Japan has about 500,000 non-naturalised Koreans, some of whom have come in the past couple of decades but many of whose families were part of a diaspora that arrived during Japan’s imperial era in the first half of the 20th century. They have long been targets of hostility. After the Great Kanto earthquake of 1923, Tokyo residents launched a pogrom against ethnic Koreans, claiming that they had poisoned the water supply.

40. Anti-Korean Hate Speech Overblown and inaccurate reporting –(Claim) “Some of whom have come in the past couple of decades” –(Fact) Majority of Korean nationals in Japan are “new comers” from the ROK (Republic of Korea) –Protests are not directed at Koreans in general but rather “Koreans with special privileges” Zaitokukai 在特会 “old comer Koreans” are 99% of those with 特別永住者 special permanent residency status

41. Anti-Korean Hate Speech After the Great Kanto earthquake of 1923, Tokyo residents launched a pogrom against ethnic Koreans, claiming that they had poisoned the water supply. Factually correct but does the Anglophone med bring up lynching whenever discrimination or racism comes up in the US?

42. Lynching

43. Lynching is an extra-legal trial and punishment by an informal group. Nearly 3,500 African Americans and 1,300 whites were lynched in the United States between 1882 and 1968, mostly from 1882 to 1920. The frequency of lynching dropped in the 1930s. Lynch law declined sharply by the 1950s. Most, but not all lynchings ceased during the 1960s. (Wikipedia: Lynching)

44. Anti-Korean Hate Speech The backdrop to a sharp rise in hate-filled rallies is Japan’s strained relations with South Korea (over the wartime issue of Korean women forced to work as sex slaves for the Japanese army) and North Korea (which abducted Japanese citizens in the 1970s and 1980s). But, says Mr Suzuki of Issuikai, the return of Mr Abe to office in 2012 also has something to do with it. The nationalist prime minister and his allies have been mealy- mouthed in condemning hate speech.

45. Anti-Korean Hate Speech Link to Abe common in contemporary writing – Abe Shinzo the Great Satan –Typically inaccurate –Pattern attributed to Abe started before he was in office –Connection vague, guilt by association “Abe is a nationalist” “The Anti-Korean protesters are nationalist” There must be a connection

46. Anti-Korean Hate Speech Source for quotes Hate speech in Japan Spin and substance A troubling rise in xenophobic vitriol (Economist 27 Sept 2014)

47. Anti-Korean Hate Speech Little Anglophone press attention given to adverse court decisions directed at Zaitokukai –The Supreme Court has dismissed an appeal from a group of anti-Korean activists that used hate speech against a Korean school in Kyoto. –The decision finalizes a high court ruling ordering the group to pay some ¥12 million in damages to the school’s operator and banning it from demonstrating near the school, court officials said Wednesday.

48. Gaijin Media – The Japan Times Established in 1897 Bought in 1996 by Nifco a manufacturer of plastic parts for the automobile industry Managed by daughter of Nifco founder from 2006-2012 Claimed sales of 55,000, readership of 230,000 Postwar controlled by Hani family, soft-left international intellectuals Virtually nothing available in English or Japanese about internal working or politics

49. The Japan Times Foreigners and expats tell the Japanese how to manage their economy, education, sex life and everything else – in English Occupation or missionary mentality –The Japanese are heathen or children needing direction and enlightenment from white men No similar newspaper in any major world capital

50. The Japan Times Opeds (opinion editorials) –Irresponsible Criticism without indication of how to make change –Out of date perceptions Rote memorization Exam hell Cram schools –Writers ignored worse problems in their own countries Written in English –Little or no impact within Japan –Feel good (superior) factor for Anglophone expats?

51. Japan Times OpEd Writers Jeff Kingston Colin Jones Philip Brasor Gregory Clark William Pesek David McNeill

52. Gaijin Journalists and Pundits

53. Gaijin Pundits: Jeff Kingston Expertise - The political economy and social history of modern Japan, modern Southeast Asia, regionalism in Asia, conflict and reconciliation, and law and social change. Professor Kingston's op-eds and book reviews appear in the International Herald Tribune, Wall Street Journal, Financial Times, Japan Times and Bangkok Post. The BBC, CNN, Bloomberg, CBS, ABC, Time, Newsweek, AFP, AP, NHK, Asahi Shimbun, Voice of America and other media organizations interview him frequently. https://www.tuj.ac.jp/ug/about/faculty/kingsto n-jeff.html Director of JapanFocus (taken up later)

54. Gaijin Pundits: Jeff Kingston Numerous negative articles about Abe Shinzo using puerile and pejorative language “Hot-air Abe can’t campaign on ‘womenomics’ –For a guy with a two-thirds majority in the Diet, Prime Minister Shinzo Abe has accomplished remarkably little since 2012. –There are many reasons why Abe doesn’t deserve to be re-elected as prime minister and why his call for snap elections reflects a poor sense of priorities. –Abe cultivates an image of empowering women, announcing lofty targets for women in management and boardrooms, but he isn’t doing much to make this happen. Touting an ambitious vision without audacious action means it is just hot air. http://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2014/12/06/commentary/hot-air- abe-cant-campaign-womenomics/#.VLcISCwzZHA

55. Gaijin Pundits: Jeff Kingston Right-wing witch hunt signals dark days in Japan –Many Japanese and long-time Japan observers have expressed dismay about the recrudescence of self-righteous nationalism under Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, who has emboldened right-wing extremists now threatening democratic institutions and civil liberties. –Abe has presided over the mainstreaming of reactionary extremism in his quest to rewrite and rehabilitate Japan’s wartime past in Asia, and in doing so instigates widespread international criticism. Any other national leader who did the same for their nation’s egregious history would merit a similar reaction.

56. Gaijin Pundits: Jeff Kingston This past week, Hokusei Gakuen University in Sapporo moved to fire part-time lecturer Takashi Uemura, a former Asahi Shimbun journalist, because right-wing goons had threatened violence if he wasn’t removed. The university was reportedly inundated with threatening letters and phone calls demanding the teacher’s dismissal for his controversial articles in the 1990s about the comfort women system. These reactionaries are now inflicting infinitely more damage on Japan’s reputation than a handful of newspaper articles in the 1990s. Japan’s cyber-terrorists sound like religious extremists, threatening “divine retribution” in the form of gas canisters packed with nails.... The Net Right embodies Japan’s 21st-century McCarthyism....

57. Hokusei Gakuen Daigaku Was NOT considering “firing” but rather whether to renew contract Police busted guy who had made threats University renewed contract Similar threats being made in the US at the same time

58. Anita Sarkeesian Feminist games critic cancels talk after terror threat The feminist pop culture critic Anita Sarkeesian has been forced to cancel a talk at Utah State University, after a threat of a “Montreal Massacre-style attack”. Sarkeesian, who is best known for her YouTube series “Tropes v Women in Video Games”, assessing various anti-feminist trends in gaming, was scheduled to talk at the university on Wednesday, when the unsigned email was sent. http://www.theguardian.com/technolo gy/2014/oct/15/anita-sarkeesian- feminist-games-critic-cancels-talk

59. Mary Willingham University of North Carolina learning specialist receives death threats after her research finds one in 10 college athletes have reading age of a THIRD GRADER –Mary Willingham exposed college athletes' lack of academic abilities –She found that 10 per cent read at elementary school level –A majority of players' reading level was between 4th and 8th grade http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/articl e-2537041/University-North-Carolina- learning-specialist-receives-death- threats-research-finds-one-10-college- athletes-reading-age-fifth-grader.html

60. “McCarthyism” People who experienced or remember McCarthyism in the US reject application to Hokusei Gakuen Daigaku and Asahi Shinbun criticism McCarthyism is the practice of making accusations of subversion or treason without proper regard for evidence. …. The term has its origins in the period in the United States known as the Second Red Scare, lasting roughly from 1950 to 1956 and characterized by heightened political repression against communists, as well as a campaign spreading fear of their influence on American institutions and of espionage by Soviet agents. Originally coined to criticize the anti- communist pursuits of Republican U.S. Senator Joseph McCarthy of Wisconsin, "McCarthyism" soon took on a broader meaning, describing the excesses of similar efforts. The term is also now used more generally to describe reckless, unsubstantiated accusations, as well as demagogic attacks on the character or patriotism of political adversaries. (Wikipedia)

61. Christopher Johnson Gulag for gaijin (Economist, 18 January 2012) –AN EXTRAORDINARY story is making the rounds among the hacks and other expats in Japan. A Canadian freelance journalist who has lived in Japan for years fell into the ugly whirlpool of Japan's immigration-and-detention system. For years human-rights monitors have cited Japan's responsible agencies for awful abuses; in their reports the system looks like something dark, chaotic and utterly incongruous with the country's image of friendly lawfulness. –Still the case of Christopher Johnson beggars belief. Returning to Tokyo after a short trip on December 23rd he was ushered into an examination room, where his nightmare began. Over the next 24 hours he was imprisoned and harassed. Most of his requests to call a lawyer, the embassy or friends were denied, he says.

62. Christopher Johnson –Officials falsified statements that he gave them and then insisted that he sign the erroneous testimony, he says. Guards tried to extort money from him and at one point even threatened to shoot him, he says—unless he purchased a wildly expensive ticket for his own deportation, including an overt kick-back for his tormentors. Once he was separated from his belongings, money was stolen from his wallet and other items removed from his baggage (as he has reported to the Tokyo police). –The problems to do with Japan's immigration bureau have been known for years. Detainees regularly protest the poor conditions. They have staged hunger strikes and a few have committed suicide. A Ghanaian who overstayed his visa died in the custody of guards during a rough deportation in 2010. No mention that there have been similar cases involving deportation in Britain

63. Christopher Johnson Economist published story with no attempt at verification Suggestions soon appeared that Johnson had been working in Japan illegally on a tourist visa Johnson started changing story, attacking critics, making threats not just again bloggers but New York Times reporters

64. Christopher Johnson Voluminous exchanges between Johnson, critics, and supporters Highly probably that most or all of story was fabricated or at least wildly exaggerated Publication in Economist (blog, not print) shows gaijin journalists ready to assume the worst about Japan and the Japanese if another gaijin makes claims of ill treatment

65. Trolls or Watchdogs Attack in Japan Times on those who question foreign press coverage of Japan Some Japan Times gaijin known to be sympathetic to anti-Japanese views

66. Trolls or Watchdogs (Japan Times 23 July 2013)

67. Stuart Braun Is the vicious online war against 'BS' biased reporting stifling journalism? Stuart Braun is a former Tokyo-based freelance journalist now based in Berlin. Have the foreign media got it in for Japan? Do they unduly focus on, and sensationalize, Fukushima radiation leaks, alleged racial intolerance and the self- aggrandizing policy pronouncements of the reborn Liberal Democratic Party? Worse still, are non- Japanese journalists prejudicing perceptions of Japan in the wider world, further eroding the nation’s global significance?

68. Trolls or Watchdogs Post-3/11, the cause celebre for these Japan defenders has been an article titled “Gaijin Gulag,” excerpts of which were published on The Economist magazine’s website in January 2012, detailing the case of Christopher Johnson, a Japan- based Canadian journalist who says he was unfairly held in detention in the bowels of Narita airport before being deported from Japan.

69. Trolls or Watchdogs The subheading on the blog Japologism.com neatly sums up the aims of these foreign-born neo- apologists: “Unapologetic apologism — Some of us quite like living here, you know!” Established by Scotsman Ken Yasumoto-Nicolson, Japologism is a direct successor of the defunct Tepido.org, a single-issue forum for rebutting the alleged Japan-hating bias of academic, blogger and Japan Times columnist Debito Arudou.

70. Trolls or Watchdogs The relative merits of the case are complex, and beyond the purview of this article. But the fact that this damning account of Japanese immigration procedure was covered in such an internationally significant publication seems to have fired up the pro-Japan lobby to respond on an unprecedented scale. Over 700 comments, most strongly attacking aspects of Johnson’s story, were posted in the days before The Economist called time on the forum….

71. Trolls or Watchdogs Johnson, a reporter with a diverse publishing history (The New York Times, CNN.com, The Japan Times) across more than two decades, much of that spent in Japan, has been highly outspoken about attacks on his journalistic credentials since his Gaijin Gulag story surfaced. The result has been a toxic online war, with blogs such as Japologism and Japan Probe sometimes publishing hundreds of ad hominem comments a week about the reporter. –Note: Japan Probe is on line but updates appear to have ended in February 2014 http://www.japanprobe.com/

72. Trolls or Watchdogs In ways, these foreign-born cyber-warriors parallel the infamous netouyo (“Internet right”) — nationalistic Net trolls who hunt Japan’s critics online..... But the main players among the foreign-born Japan apologists project a less doctrinaire line. Though many anonymous commenters-cum- trolls write vociferous and borderline-defamatory comments on the pro-Japan blogs, the faces of the movement — when they deign to reveal themselves — appear more neutral and reasonable. They are mostly white middle-aged men who have lived a long time in Japan, speak the language fluently, claim to understand the culture and, by implication, believe they are well-qualified to express credible views about their adopted home.

73. Trolls or Watchdogs This band of non-native Japan apologists often stress that they are not mouthpieces of the Japanese right. They are, instead, simply a spontaneous, informal thread of independent voices. Nevertheless, some contend that pro-Japan blogs such as Japan Probe and Japologism, which Inoue posts on, push a highly circumscribed agenda.

74. Trolls or Watchdogs For the neo-apologists, the argument is similar: Journalistic laziness combined with “conscious choices” born of personal prejudice are coloring foreign news coverage of Japan. The strategic imperative is again to pigeonhole the media, marking some — usually more Japan-positive — voices as reasonable, in stark contrast to the “out of whack” negative sources, be they individuals or news organizations. However, one caveat that accusers of media bias have to bear in mind is the fundamental responsibility of the media to scrutinize and critique the policies of incumbent governments and other vested interests.

75. Trolls or Watchdogs Japan’s foreign-born defenders and detractors appear committed to an often toxic online war that might be headed for the courts (ongoing claims and counter-claims of personal threats and defamation are beyond the scope of this article). But will this seemingly exceptional war of semantics — there appears to be little evidence of similarly vicious online debates in other expat communities — potentially create more negativity about Japan than the so- called negative media coverage itself? Are foreign bureaus in Japan actually spooked, and has open debate been stifled? (A number of journalists approached for this article did not want to comment.)

76. Jake Adelstein Adelstein grew up in Missouri and moved to Japan at age 19 to study Japanese literature at Sophia University. In 1993 Adelstein became the first non-Japanese staff writer at the Yomiuri Shinbun newspaper, where he worked for twelve years. After leaving the Yomiuri, Adelstein published an expose of how an alleged crime boss, Tadamasa Goto, made a deal with the FBI to gain entry to the United States for a liver transplant at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA). In 2009 Adelstein published a memoir about his career as a reporter in Japan, "Tokyo Vice", in which he accused Goto of threatening to kill him over the story. According to Adelstein, the yakuza told him: "Erase the story or be erased.“ (wikipedia)

77. Jake Adelstein

78. Benjamin Fulford

79. Nationality: Canada Qualifications: 20-years experience as a professional writer and journalist. Have sold over 500,000 non-fiction books written in Japanese. Have produced a comprehensive catalogue of scoops in field ranging from business to yakuza gangsters to high-finance to government corruption. Now focused on exposing U.S. manipulation of Japanese politics, media and education through a combination of bribes, murder, brainwashing etc. My goal is to counter U.S. propaganda and expose the Japanese people to the truth so that they may free themselves from the colonial yoke and use their $5 trillion in overseas holdings to end world poverty and save the environment. 2005-present: Have published 15 books written in Japanese with cumulative sales running at over 500,000 copies. Have weekly 2-hour TV show and appear frequently on numerous other nationally broadcast shows. Have regular columns in a variety of best- selling Japanese magazines. 1998-2005: Asia-Pacific Bureau Chief for Forbes Magazine. Quit in profound disgust over extensive corporate censorship and mingling of advertising and editorial at the magazine. If they dispute this, I invite them to sue me, any place, any time.

80. JapanFocus

81. Left-wing articles critical of Japan, sympathetic to PRC and DPRK 1960s American and Australian lefties who really wanted to do China or Korea but ended up doing Japan because that was where the good jobs were

82. JapanFocus: Herbert Bix Herbert P. Bix (born 1938) is an American historian. He wrote Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan, an acclaimed account of the Japanese Emperor and the events which shaped modern Japanese imperialism, which won the Pulitzer Prize for general non-fiction in 2001. He earned the Ph.D. in history and Far Eastern languages from Harvard University. He was a founding member of the Committee of Concerned Asian Scholars. For several decades, he has written about modern and contemporary Japanese history in the United States and Japan. He has taught at many universities, including Hosei University in Japan as of 1986 and 1990 and Hitotsubashi University as of 2001. As of 2013 he is Professor Emeritus in History and Sociology at Binghamton University. (Wikipedia)

83. JapanFocus: Gavan McCormack Gavan McCormack is a researcher specialising in East Asia who is Emeritus Professor and Visiting Fellow, Division of Pacific and Asian History of the Australian National University. He is also a coordinator of an award- winning open access journal The Asia- Pacific Journal: Japan Focus. [In] 1986 he published The Emptiness of Japanese Affluence which attacked Japanese economic success as a mirage based on environmental exploitation that posed the single greatest threat to stability in the region. He remains a trenchant critic of the Bush Presidency and the American government in general. He has claimed that the North Korean nuclear program is justified by belligerent American rhetoric. (Wikipedia)

84. JapanFocus: Mark Selden Mark Selden (born 1938) is a Coordinator of the open access journal The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus, a Senior Research Associate in the East Asia Program at Cornell University, and Bartle Professor of History and Sociology at Binghamton University. He graduated from Amherst College with a major in American Studies and completed a Ph.D. at Yale University in modern Chinese history. He was a founding member of the Committee of Concerned Asian Scholars in the 1960s and for more than thirty years served on the board of editors of The Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars (later Critical Asian Studies).

85. JapanFocus: Norma Field Norma Field studies modern Japanese literature with an interest in the dialectical pursuit of structural and historical analyses and "naive" and "scholarly" responses. She is also interested in translation as interpretive, creative, and scholarly activity, feminism, and all of the above in the context of contemporary capitalism. Field is the author of The Splendor of Longing in the Tale of Genji, In the Realm of a Dying Emperor, and From My Grandmother's Bedside: Sketches of Postwar Tokyo. My Grandmother's Land, a collection of her essays including several originally written in Japanese, was recently published to wide acclaim in Japan. http://news.uchicago.edu/profile/norma- field#sthash.leeSC2Sr.dpuf

86. JapanFocus: David McNeill David McNeill, BA, MA (N. Ireland), PhD (Scotland), PGCLTHE (England). Journalist and Lecturer (part-time) Faculty of Liberal Arts, Sophia University Tokyo. I taught full-time at the Department of Media, Critical and Creative Arts in Liverpool John Moores University from July 1995 - August 1999. I've since taught at the Guangdong University of Technology in southern China, and the University of Tokyo, Takushoku University and the Tokyo Institute of Technology in Japan. My reporting has taken me to most parts of Japan as well as Thailand, South Korea, The Philippines, Indonesia, Vietnam, Cambodia, Alaska, and the Caribbean. http://www.japanfocus.org/site/view/4216

87. JapanFocus: Sonia Ryang Sonia Ryang is the Director of Rice University’s Chao Center for Asian Studies and Professor of Anthropology. Her books include North Koreans in Japan: Language, Ideology, and Identity (1997), Japan and National Anthropology: A Critique (2004), Love in Modern Japan: Its Estrangement from Self, Sex, and Society (2006), Writing Selves in Diaspora: Ethnography of Autobiographics of Korean Women in Japan and the United States (2008), Reading North Korea: An Ethnological Inquiry (2011).

88. Japan Focus: Yuki Tanaka Yuki Tanaka ( 田中 利幸 Tanaka Toshiyuki, born May 26, 1949) is a History Professor at Hiroshima University. He has written extensively about forced prostitution under the Japanese Empire, as well as in Japan under the US military rule. He also writes about the laws of warfare. Hidden Horrors: Japanese War Crimes in World War II, Westview Press (1996) Japan's Comfort Women: Sexual Slavery and Prostitution During World War II and the US Occupation, Routledge (2001) (Wikipedia)

89. JapanFocus: Yuki Tanaka “Interesting” information available about Yuki Tanaka in Japanese but not English 日本国外向けの書籍・研究発表（ JAPAN'S COMFORT WOMEN 等）などでは、 Yuki Tanaka （田 中ユキ）の女性名ペンネームを使っていた。そのた め、米議会報告に引用された際、日本女性との誤認 や本名であるとの誤解を招いている、日本でも新聞 報道や論文で田中由紀として誤った著者・ｼで紹介さ れることがある. その他、日豪プレス向けの著作については、難波哲 および赤坂まさみのペンネームも使用している。 (Wikipedia)

90. JapanFocus: Yuki Tanaka 戦後、幾人かの日本軍将校が食料の不足から捕虜を 食料とした人肉食を行ったとの容疑にて裁判にかけ られ有罪となり処刑されている。しかし、これらの 将校は告発を常に否認し続けていた。 1997 年、田中 は旧日本軍による戦争捕虜に対する人肉食を含む残 虐行為の明白なる証拠を発・ｩしたとされるが詳細は あきらかにされていない。続いて 1997 年、田中は英 書『隠された惨事 ―― 第 2 次世界大戦における日本人 の戦争犯罪』を著した。本書によれば、人肉食は上 級将校の監督下で行われ、権力を表象化する手段と して認識されていたとされ、連合軍による食料不足 に・ﾎする措置であったという判決に反論を唱えたも のとなっている. (Wikipedia)

91. JapanFocus: Yuki Tanaka Not widely reviewed in mainstream academic journals Lukewarm Exaggeration Misleading title – essentially nothing that was not already known

92. Unbroken Extensive coverage in English of alleged protests by rightists Some blog comment focused on cannibalism Passing theme Foreign reporting speculates movie will not be shown because of right-wing opposition More likely it will not be shown because the distributor wants $6.5 million for the Japanese distribution rights

93. Ivan Hall Ivan P. Hall is an American historian specialized in Japan's history, and a former diplomat who came to prominence with the publication of his 1997 book Cartels of the Mind: Japan's Intellectual Closed Shop. The book was named one of the ten best business books of 1997 by Business Week magazine. It argued that thanks to a variety of extralegal practices foreigners are largely excluded from intellectual life in Japan. He went on in 2002 to publish Bamboozled: How America Loses the Intellectual Game with Japan and its Implications for Our Future in Asia, which Foreign Affairs suggested was “destined to arouse passions....among Japanese nationalists and American liberals”. (Wikipedia)

94. Cartels of the Mind

95. Bamboozled!

96. That’s All Folks Slides and Readings –www2.gol.com/users/ehk/saitama/images –ehk.servebeer.com/saitama/images Email –ehk@gol.com ehkuso@gol.com –Always put “Saitama Images,” your name, and your student number in the subject line – 日本語使用可能

97. Dead Fukuzawa Society

98. Racism? In this [UN] Convention, the term "racial discrimination" shall mean any distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference based on race, colour, descent, or national or ethnic origin which has the purpose or effect of nullifying or impairing the recognition, enjoyment or exercise, on an equal footing, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural or any other field of public life.

99. Racism? [The parties to this convention] condemn all propaganda and all organizations which are based on ideas or theories of superiority of one race or group of persons of one colour or ethnic origin ….

100. Neo racism? Strong notion of “Western” or “American” superiority vis a vis Japan –Institutional –Cultural –Social –Legal Not typically based on structured comparison –“Idealized west” vs “demonized Japan”