1. Aside Words spoken by an actor directly to the audience, which are not "heard" by the other characters on stage during a play.

2. Chorus A group of characters in Greek tragedy (and in later forms of drama), who comment on the action of a play without participation in it.

3. Soliloquy A speech in a play that is meant to be heard by the audience but not by other characters on the stage. If there are no other characters present, the soliloquy represents the character thinking aloud. Hamlet's "To be or not to be" speech is an example.

4. If mu- / -sic be / the food / of love, / play on Is this / a dag- / -ger I / see be- / fore me? Ten syllables in each line Five pairs of alternating unstressed and stressed syllables The rhythm in each line sounds like: ba-BUM / ba-BUM / ba-BUM / ba-BUM / ba-BUM Iambic Pentameter

5. Alliteration Repeated consonant sounds at the beginning of words placed near each other, usually on the same or adjacent lines. Example: fast and furious Example: Peter and Andrew patted the pony at Ascot

6. Assonance Repeated vowel sounds in words placed near each other, usually on the same or adjacent lines. Example: free and easy make the grade + EASY

7. Consonance Repeated consonant sounds at the ending of words placed near each other, usually on the same or adjacent lines. This produces a pleasing kind of near-rhyme. Example: boats into the past Example: cool soul

8. Repetition: The purposeful re-use of words and phrases for an effect. Example: I was glad; so very, very glad. Example: Half a league, half a league, Half a league onward… … Cannon to right of them, Cannon to left of them, Cannon in front of them Volley’d and thunder’d…

9. Rhyme This is the one device most commonly associated with poetry by the general public. Words that have different beginning sounds but whose endings sound alike, including the final vowel sound and everything following it, are said to rhyme. Example: time, slime, mime Double rhymes include the final two syllables. Example: revival, arrival, survival

10. Rhythm: Although the general public is seldom directly conscious of it, nearly everyone responds on some level to the organization of speech rhythms (verbal stresses) into a regular pattern of accented syllables separated by unaccented syllables. Rhythm helps to distinguish poetry from prose. Example: i THOUGHT i SAW a PUSsyCAT. Such patterns are sometimes referred to as meter. Meter is the organization

11. Meter is measured by the number of feet in a line. Feet are named by Greek prefix number words attached to “meter.” A line with five feet is called pentameter; thus, a line of five iambs is known as “iambic pentameter” (the most common metrical form in English poetry, and the one favored by Shakespeare).

12. Stanza A division of a poem created by arranging the lines into a unit, often repeated in the same pattern of meter and rhyme throughout the poem; a unit of poetic lines (a “paragraph” within the poem). The stanzas within a poem are separated by blank lines.

13. Quatrains Are four line stanzas of any kind, rhymed, metered, or otherwise. Like the couplet, there are many variations of the quatrain. Some of the more popular as passed through tradition are:

14. Sonnet Sonnets are fourteen-line lyric poems, traditionally written in iambic pentameter - that is, in lines ten syllables long, with accents falling on every second syllable, as in: "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?"