1. 1 Welcome to Welcome to ILC GDE Meeting & 9th ACFA ILC Physics and Detector Workshop 9th ACFA ILC Physics and Detector Workshop

2. 2 Hesheng Chen Institute of High Energy Physics Beijing 100049, China Scientific Activities at Institute High Energy Physics

3. 3 Institute of High Energy Physics Comprehensive and largest fundamental research center in China Major research fields : – Particle physics – Accelerator technologies and applications – Synchrotron radiation technologies and applications 1030 employees, ~ 650 physicists and engineers, 400 PhD Students and postdoctors Established at 1950, and became an independent institute at 1973.

4. 4 Research Divisions Experimental Physics center: BES, BESIII, CMS, Atlas… Particle Astrophysics Center ： cosmic ray, astrophysics, neutrino physics, particle astrophysics… Theory Division: particle physics, nuclear physics, field theory, cosmology… Accelerator Center: BEPC, BEPCII, high power proton accelerator Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Lab. Nuclear Analysis Lab. Free Electron Laser Division Computer and Network Center Center of Hi-Tech R&D

5. 5 Bird’s Eye View of BEPC Bird’s Eye View of BEPC

6. 6 BEPC constructed in 1984 –1988 with beam energy: 1 – 2.8 GeV –Physics Run ： Luminosity 10 31 cm -2 s -1 @ 1.89GeV, 5 month/year –Synchrotron Radiation Run ： 140mA @ 2.2 GeV, 3 month/year

7. 7 BES Main Physics Results from BES  Precision measurement of  mass: world average value changed by 3 , accuracy improved by factor of 10, and approved  lepton universality.  R Measurement at 2-5GeV:  R/R 15-20% →6.6% – Higgs mass prediction from SM – g-2 experiment –  (M z 2 ) -1 : 128.890±0.090 → 128.936 ± 0.046 Systematic study of  (2S) and J/  decays.  Resonance X(1835) in with mass and width are consistent with that of the S-wave resonance X(1860) indicated by the pp mass threshold enhancement.

8. 8 LHC Experiments 1. CMS – 1/3 of CSC at muon end caps – HV boards for RPC – RPC of barrel muon (Beijing Univ.) – Physics and MC 2. Atlas – Drift Monitor chambers – Physics and MC 3. LCG: Tier 2

9. 9 ILC R&D 1. Machine: – design of damp ring – positron source – SC cavity – …… 2. Detector – RPC – GEM, TPC, 3. Physics: ITP, Tsinghua Univ. IHEP… As BEPCII/BESIII go smoothly, more machine and detector people will move to ILC R&D.

10. 10 Yangbajing Cosmic Ray Observatory （ a.s.l. 4300m ） IHEP-INFN RPC China-Japan Air Shower Array

11. 11 AMS01 permanent magnet and structure were built at Beijing, and became the first big magnet in space as payload of Discovery June 1998. Search for antimatter and dark matter precision measurement of isotopes Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

12. 12 AMS02 ECAL: IHEP, LAPP and PISA Space qualification at Beijing AMS02 ECAL assembling at IHEP

13. 13 Hard X-ray Modulate Telescope Satellite scan sky for point sources Charged particle shielding Collimator Crystals PMT Support structure

14. 14 BEPC 4w1 Diffuse Scattering X-ray fluorescence analysis Topography 4B9 X-ray Diffraction Small angle scattering Photoemission SpectroscPopy 3B1 Lithography 3W1 Middle energy 4W1B 4W1A 4B9B 4B9A 3B1B 3B1A 3W1A 3W1B 4 wigglers and 13 beam lines. > 300 exp./year from > 100 institutions Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility 140mA@2.2GeV 1W1A XAFS 1W1B High-pressure diffraction LIGA VUV Macromolecular 3B3 1w1 4w2 3B3 Soft X-ray Optics

15. 15 Structure of third type of light–harvester protein. The structure diffraction data taken at BSRF. More than 40 Protein structures obtained from BSRF

16. 16 2. BEPCII: High Lumi. Double – ring Collider Build new ring inside existing ring. Two half new rings and two half old rings cross at two IR’s, forming a double ring collider. BEPCII

17. 17 BEPC II Double ring Design In the existing BEPC tunnel, add another ring, cross over at south and north points, two equal rings for electrons and positrons. Advanced double-ring collision technology. 93 bunches ， total current > 0.9A in each ring. Collision spacing ： 8 ns. In south, collision with large cross-angle （ ±11 mr ）. Calculated luminosity ： 10 33 cm -2 s -1 @ 3.78GeV of C.M. energy. Linac upgrade: e + 50mA/min., Full energy injection up to 1.89GeV In north cross point, connecting SR beam between two outer rings, in south cross point, use dipole magnet to bend the beam back to outer ring. SR run ： 250mA @ 2.5 GeV. Major detector upgrade ： BES III.

18. 18 COLLIDERS FACTORIES SUPER FACTORIES e + -e - Colliders: Past, Present and Future C. Biscari, Workshop on e + e - in 1-2 GeV Range, September 10-13, 2003, Italy L (cm -2 s -1 ) E (GeV)

19. 19 Physics at BEPCII/BESIII Precision measurement of CKM matrix elements Precision test of Standard Model QCD and hadron production Light hadron spectroscopy Charmonium physics Search for new physics/new particles Physics Channel Energy (GeV) Luminosity (10 33 cm –2 s –1 ) Events/year J/  3.097 0.6 1.0×10 10  3.67 1.0 1.2×10 7  ’ 3.686 1.0 3.0 ×10 9 D* 3.77 1.0 2.5×10 7 Ds 4.03 0.6 1.0×10 6 Ds 4.14 0.6 2.0×10 6

20. 20 Light Hadron spectroscopy Baryon spectroscopy Charmonium spectroscopy Glueball searches Search for non-qqbar states 10 10 J/  events is probably enough to pin down most of problems of light hadron spectroscopy Spectrum of glueballs from LQCD

21. 21 Precision measurement of CKM — Branching rations of charm mesons V cd /V cs: Leptonic and semi-leptonic decays V cb: Hadronic decays V td /V ts: f D and f Ds from Leptonic decays V ub: Form factors of semi-leptonic decays Unitarity Test of CKM matrix CurrentBESIII V ub 25%5% V cd 7%1% V cs 16%1% V cb 5%3% V td 36%5% V ts 39%5%

22. 22 QCD and Hadron production R-value measurement pQCD and non-pQCD boundary Measurement of  s at low energies Hadron production at J/  ’, and continuum Multiplicity and other topology of hadron event BEC, correlations, form factors, resonance, etc. Error on R  (5) had (M Z 2 ) 6% 0.02761 ±0.00036 3% 0.02761 ±0.00030 2% 0.02761 ±0.00029 Errors on R will be reduced to 2% from currently 6%

23. 23 Stage #1: Linac upgrade reached designed specifications RF Gallery Linac Tunnel

24. 24 Performance of the BEPCII Linac note ： * ） The values for 1.89 GeV is extrapolated from those of 1.30 GeV ， should be measured when the energy is at 1.89 GeV. parametersDesign (BEPC)Achieved Beam energy （ GeV ） 1.89 (1.55)1.89 (e-); 1.89 (e+) current (mA) e+37 (4)> 63 e-500 (50)> 800 Repetition rate (Hz) 50 (12.5)50 Emittance (mm  mrad ） e+ 0.40 (1.70)0.40±0.05 e-0.10 (0.58)0.09±0.03 Energy spread （  ） e+  0.5 (0.8)  0.45 @ 1.89 GeV e-  0.5 (0.8)  0.55 @ 1.89 GeV *)

25. 25 Stage #2: Storage Ring upgrade reached Goal 1. Jan.- June 2005 SR running √ 2. Production of Double ring components Finished√ 3. Remove old ring√, install Double ring√ 4. BESIII components√

26. 26 Storage Ring installation finished

27. 27 SC Quads at Interaction Region

28. 28 Beam was stored successfully in the storage ring Nov. 18. 2006 BSRF opened to light source users Dec. 25 2006

29. 29 BESIII Detector — Adapt to high event rate : 10 33 cm -2 s -1 and bunch spacing 8ns — Reduce sys. errors for high statistics: photon measurement, PID… — Increase acceptance ， and give space for SC quads Be beam pipe SC magnet, 1T Magnet yoke MDC, 120  m CsI(Tl) calorimeter, 2.5 %@1 GeV%@1 TOF, 90ps RPC

30. 30 Main Drift Chamber Small cell 7000 Signal wires: 25  m gold-plated tungsten 22000 Field wires: 110  m gold-plated Aluminum Gas: He + C 3 H 8 (60/40) Momentum resolution@1GeV: dE/dX resolution: ~ 6%.

31. 31 Current status of MDC Wiring completed with good quality Inner chamber and outer chamber assembled Gas leakage test finished Cosmic-ray test started

32. 32 Installation of HV Cables & Preamplifiers

33. 33 Cosmic ray test

34. 34 CsI(Tl) crystal calorimeter Design goals: –Energy: 2.5% @ 1GeV –Spatial: 0.6cm @ 1GeV Crystals: –Barrel: 5280 w: 21564 kg –Endcaps: 960 w: 4051 kg –Total: 6240 w: 25.6 T 2 Photodiode+2 Preamp+ (1 Amplifier) Photodiode(PD): Hamamatsu S2744-08 (1cm x 2cm) Preamplifier noise: <1100 e (~220kev) Shaping time of amplifier: 1μs

35. 35 Cosmic rays test for Detector cells 5263 cells of barrel Relative Light-output uniformity

36. 36 Support Structure of EMC Barrel

37. 37

38. 38

39. 39 Barrel EMC: view from inside

40. 40 PID: Time-Of-Flight counters To measure the flight time of particles in order to identify them: m=P/(L/t) Barrel TOF Endcap TOF High quality plastic scintillator: 2.4 m long, 5cm thick

41. 41 Test beam at IHEP: for various types of scintillators, thickness, wrapping materials, … protons electrons 104±11ps 70±2ps 94±3ps pions

42. 42  system : RPC 9 layer, 2000 m 2 Special bakelite plate w/o lineseed oil 4cm strips, 10000 channels Noise less than 0.1 Hz/cm 2 Good candidate for ILC HCAL and muon chamber

43. 43 Super-conducting magnet Al stabilized NbTi/Cu conductor from Hitachi 1.0 T, <5% non-uniformity 921 turns, 3150A @4.5K R = 1.475 m, L=3.52m, cold mass 3.6t Thickness: 1.92 X 0 Inner-winding method

44. 44 BESIII Magnet Progress Thermal insulationassembly transportation wiring installation

45. 45 Field reached 1 tesla

46. 46 Schedule May – Oct. 04. : √ –Linac upgrade –BESII detector removing –Transformer system 630KW →1600KW Nov. 04 – June 05: Tuning and SR running √ July 05 – Oct. 06: Long shutdown –Remove existing ring √ –Upgrade infrastructure √ –Install two rings: √ Nov. 06 - Sep. 07: Tuning of machine + SR running Oct. 07: BESIII detector moved into beam line Nov. 07 : Starting machine-detector tuning. Physics run by end of 2007

47. 47 Medium Term Plan Medium Term Plan Charm physics @ BEPCII Modulated hard X-ray telescope satellite Neutrino experiments: –Daya Bay Reactor neutrino to measure sin 2 2  13 –National underground Lab. –Cosmic ray Tau neutrino telescope –Very LBL oscillation experiment: J-Prac→ Beijing Yangbajing Cosmic ray Observatory LHC exp. And ILC High power proton Accelerator: –Chinese Spallation Neutron Source 100KW→200 KW – Accelerator Driven Subcritical system Hard X-ray FEL Convert BEPC into dedicated SR source after BEPCII finished physics running IHEP extents research fields, to protein structure, nano- science, material science … → Multiple Sciences Center

48. 48 Parameterization of neutrino mixing 6 fundamental parameters in neutrino physics ： Known ： |  m 2 32 |,sin 2 2  32 ，  m 2 21,sin 2 2  21 Unknown: sin 2 2   ，  , sign of  m 2 32 Exp. ： reactor VLBL oscillation Daya Bay Reactor J-Parc → Beijing Neutrino mixing parameters

49. 49 Daya bay reactor neutrino experiment with sensitivity of 0.01 to sin 2 2   Daya Bay NPP LingAo NPP

50. 50

51. CSNS layout Linac: H-beam, RFQ, 81 MeV (DTL) → 230 MeV (SCL) Rapid-cycling synchrotron: 1.6 GeV at 25 Hz Chinese Spallation Neutron Source

52. CSNS primary parameters Phase IPhase IIPhase II ’ Beam power on target [kW]120240500 Proton energy on target [GeV]1.6 Average beam current [  A]76151315 Pulse repetition rate [Hz]25 Protons per pulse [10 13 ]1.93.87.8 Linac energy [MeV]81134230 Linac typeDTL DTL+SCL Target number111 or 2 Target materialTungsten ModeratorsH 2 O (300K), CH 4 (100K), H 2 (20K) Number of spectrometers718>18 CSNS Parameters

53. 53 Thanks !