. 6 TRADITIONAL HOUSING STYLES. 7 Introduction Exterior design determines the style and mood that a home conveys to the public. That design also determines.

. 6 TRADITIONAL HOUSING STYLES

7 Introduction Exterior design determines the style and mood that a home conveys to the public. That design also determines the basic layout and design of the home’s interior. Choices may include a traditional, modern, or contemporary style for the exterior of a home.

8 Traditional Styles Over the years home styles developed in response to these factors: –family needs –available natural resources –climactic conditions Some of these historical styles still influence housing designs today.

9 Native American Native Americans: –built the first homes in America. –used materials and a building style that kept the structures cool in hot, dry weather. –developed the adobe home of New Mexico, the most lasting adaptation of an Indian-style home.adobe

. 10 Adobe Home This style features thick, smooth adobe walls, flat roofs, and deep-set windows.

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to produce for educational use only. 11 Spanish Spanish-style homes: –existed in the southern part of North America since the late 1500s. –are characterized by white stucco walls and low-pitched tile roofs. –have wide overhangs, exposed roof beams, balconies, and porches. –are most suited to a warm, dry climate.

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to produce for educational use only. 13 Swedish Swedish immigrants brought the log cabin to America. Original log cabins: –were small, rectangular one-story homes with shingle-covered gable roofs. –had windows made of thin, oiled skins. Log cabins may be built with round or squared-off logs.

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to produce for educational use only. 14 Dutch Dutch Colonial homes:Dutch Colonial –are most common in northern states. –are usually constructed of fieldstone, brick, or wood. –have a high gambrel roof with flared eaves, their most notable feature. –include a central chimney, small window panes, and dormers.dormers

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to produce for educational use only. 16 German Early German American homes: –were called Pennsylvania Dutch Colonial homes.Pennsylvania Dutch Colonial –were built of thick, fieldstone walls for warmth and easy maintenance. –often had small roof ledges between the first and second floor called pent roofs, which are a distinguishing feature.pent roofs

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to produce for educational use only. 17 Pennsylvania Dutch Colonial The pent roof and unsupported hood over the front entrance are key features of this style.

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to produce for educational use only. 18 French The French Normandy style:French Normandy –was the earliest of many American housing styles influenced by the French. –was brought to America by the Huguenots. –is a rectangular cottage with a hip or gable roof and a central turret. –usually stood 1-1/2 to 2-1/2 stories high with brick, stone, or stucco walls. –used half-timber decoration.half-timber (Continued)

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to produce for educational use only. 20 French The French plantation house: –was another architectural style influenced by the French. –had an extended hip roof that covered a porch. –often had French doors leading to a patio.French doors –in later styles, had a porch on the second floor supported by posts or pillars. (Continued)

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to produce for educational use only. 22 French The Louisiana French style:Louisiana French –originated in New Orleans. –had a raised brick or stone basement to protect against flooding. –included balconies with lacy ironwork railings. –had white stucco walls. (Continued)

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to produce for educational use only. 24 French The French manor: –was a stately home, more commonly built in northern states. –is rectangular and symmetrical, having a wing on each side. –has a Mansard roof as its most distinguishing feature and dovecote roofs on the wings. –usually has painted brick walls. (Continued)

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to produce for educational use only. 33 French Other French-style homes include: –the one-story French cottage. –French city houses, known as the French Provincial style.

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to produce for educational use only. 35 English The Tudor-style home was predominant in England in the late 1500s. Tudor homes: –were distinguished by having several gables on the roof and chimneys with many columns and decorative masonry. –have half-timber construction. –are two to three stories tall with an overhanging second story. (Continued)

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to produce for educational use only. 37 English The Elizabethan-style manor:Elizabethan –displayed both Gothic and Dutch influences. –was usually two or three stories high, in an E-shape or other irregular shape. –had bay windows, recessed doorways in arched frames, and decorative end gables. (Continued)

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to produce for educational use only. 39 English The Cotswold Cottage:Cotswold Cottage –was popular in twentieth-century America. –is distinguished by a compact size with a very steep gable roof. –has small, irregularly-shaped rooms that usually required walking through one to get to another. –includes casement windows and recessed, arched doorways. (Continued)

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to produce for educational use only. 41 English The earliest colonial homes were simple in design, sturdy, and fairly small. The half-house:half-house –had only one room on the main floor, a tiny entrance, and a steep stairway leading to an attic. –located the fireplace and chimney on a sidewall. (Continued)

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to produce for educational use only. 43 English Later, double houses:double houses –added a room to the half-house, thus doubling the space on the main floor. –positioned the fireplace in a central location. The architecture of early homes were adaptations of styles the colonists remembered from England.

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to produce for educational use only. 45 The Saltbox The saltbox: –evolved by adding a lean-to structure to half-houses and double houses. –has a long roofline that slopes gently from the ridge to the eaves. The addition provided extra space and protection from bitter winter winds.

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to produce for educational use only. 47 The Garrison The garrison style: –is known for its overhanging second story. –had a steep roof, central fireplace, and hand-carved brackets decorating the corners of the overhang. –had walls of narrow wood siding.

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to produce for educational use only. 49 The Cape Cod The Cape Cod: –developed from the half-house and double house. –is one of the best-known examples of traditional colonial styles. –has a steep gable roof with little overhang. –usually has 1 or 1-1/2 stories with a central chimney. (Continued)

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to produce for educational use only. 50 The Cape Cod The Cape Cod (Continued): –may have narrow wood siding or split shingles on the walls. –commonly has a central doorway and small paned windows. Later Cape Cod homes: –had dormers on the second floor and shutters on all windows.

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to produce for educational use only. 51 The Cape Cod House The style has a centered door, small paned windows, and steep gable roof with little overhang.

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to produce for educational use only. 53 Georgian As colonists prospered, they built more lavish homes, often in the Georgian style. The Georgian style: –is known for its symmetry, simple lines, large size, and formal look. –is usually 2-1/2 or 3 stories high. –often has a band of stone between stories. (Continued)

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to produce for educational use only. 54 Georgian The Georgian style (Continued): –usually has a high hip or gable roof with dormers. –may have a flat area on the roof surrounded by an ornate railing. –in later styles, had a centrally located main door with pilasters on both sides and a pediment above the door.

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to produce for educational use only. 57 Federal The Federal style of architecture: –was the style designed by Thomas Jefferson for a newly formed country. –drew on the classic forms of Greek and Roman architecture. –added Greek columns and a portico to the front of a Georgian home. –often included pediments over windows and doors.

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to produce for educational use only. 59 Greek Revival Greek-style homes: –are large and rectangular with white- painted wood, brick, or stone exteriors. –were distinguished by a two-story portico supported by Greek columns. –have a gable end facing forward to form a triangular top. –display pilasters instead of porticos at the front corners of smaller homes.

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to produce for educational use only. 61 Southern Colonial The Southern Colonial: –evolved from the Greek revival style. –reflects the warmth, charm, and hospitality of the Old South. –were large homes with upper and lower balconies. –featured three-story chimneys, a hip or gable roof, ornate woodwork, and wrought iron trim.

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to produce for educational use only. 63 Italianate The Italianate style: –was best known for its square tower at the top of the house. –became popular in America in the 1830s. –features a wide roof overhang with decorative brackets. –has tall, thin windows and an upright appearance.

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to produce for educational use only. 65 Victorian English influence returned to American architecture after the Civil War. The Victorian style: –had scrolls and extensive decorative trim called gingerbread surrounding eaves, windows, and doors. –was named for Queen Victoria.

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to produce for educational use only. 67 Modern Designs New housing borrows many features and design elements from traditional styles. Most of today’s new homes are variations of the following basic styles: –the ranch –the split-level

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to produce for educational use only. 68 The Ranch House The ranch style: –is a long, low, one-story building with no stairs. –was inspired by ranchers’ homes in the southwest. –has a low-pitched gable roof with long, overhanging eaves. –often has sliding glass patio doors and large window areas today. (Continued)

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to produce for educational use only. 70 The Ranch House The ranch-style structure is rectangular or built in an irregular shape such as L, T, U, or H. Variations of the ranch include: –hillside ranchhillside ranch –raised ranchraised ranch Part of the basement is exposed in a hillside ranch. (Continued)

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to produce for educational use only. 72 The Ranch House The ranch style is: –comfortable and easy to expand. –ideal for combining indoor and outdoor living. –more expensive to build per sq. ft. than two-story homes. –easier to maintain than other home styles.

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to produce for educational use only. 73 The Split-Level House The split-level house: –is a ranch home designed for a sloping or hilly site. –makes efficient use of space. –separates sleeping, living, and recreation areas on different levels. –requires very little hall space. (Continued)

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to produce for educational use only. 75 The Split-Level House The lowest level: –is the basement level. –often includes storage, heating and cooling equipment, and bath or work areas. –usually takes up 40% to 60% of the total space occupied by the house. (Continued)

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to produce for educational use only. 76 The Split-Level House The second level: –is ground level. –is called the intermediate level. –includes the garage, recreation area, and foyer. (Continued)

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to produce for educational use only. 77 The Split-Level House The next level: –is slighter higher than the intermediate level and is used as the living level. –is also at ground level due to the sloping site. –includes the kitchen, dining room, living room, and bath. –may also include the main entry, foyer, porch, and patio. (Continued)

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to produce for educational use only. 78 The Split-Level House The highest level: –is the sleeping level. –houses the bedrooms and bath. –is private and quiet because the sleeping level is separated from the living level. –resembles the second story of a two- story house. (Continued)

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to produce for educational use only. 79 The Split-Level House There are three main variations of the split-level design: –side-to-side –front-to-back –back-to-front Sites sloping from the left or right are best for the side-to-side design. (Continued)

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to produce for educational use only. 81 The Split-Level House Sites that are high in front and low in back are best suited for the front-to-back style. –This style appears as a ranch from the front and as a two-story house from the back. (Continued)

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to produce for educational use only. 83 The Split-Level House A lot that is low in front and high in back requires a back-to-front design. –In this style, the living area is at the rear of the house.

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to produce for educational use only. 85 The Split-Level House Split-level houses: –are natural solutions to hilly sites. –allow separation of functions in the house. –are more expensive and complicated to build than two-story or ranch homes. –are difficult to heat evenly and may need zoned heating with separate thermostats.

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to produce for educational use only. 86 Contemporary Designs Contemporary designs: –are a departure from traditional housing styles and materials. –are often experiments in solving modern housing challenges. –usually complement the site and provide a feeling of openness while retaining privacy. (Continued)

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to produce for educational use only. 89 Contemporary Designs Frank Lloyd Wright: –built some of the earliest contemporary homes in the 1940s, focusing on efficiency, economy, and comfort. –blended his home designs with their natural surroundings. –generally used wood or stone as building materials. (Continued)

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to produce for educational use only. 90 Contemporary Designs Many contemporary homes are built with the effect of environmental conditions in mind. These homes include: –dome homes –solar homes –underground structures

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to produce for educational use only. 91 Geodesic Domes The geodesic dome design:geodesic dome –is an engineered system of triangular frames that create a self-reinforcing roof and wall units. –was created by R. Buckminster Fuller. –reduces the quantity of building materials needed per sq. ft. by about 30%. –also reduces heat loss. (Continued)

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to produce for educational use only. 93 Geodesic Domes A dome structure needs no interior or exterior support systems. –This allows great flexibility for interior floor plan designs. Other advantages include: –flexible interior decoration, structural superiority, low cost, and reduced energy needs.

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to produce for educational use only. 94 Geodesic Dome Manufactured domes are one-story and two- story structures, with or without basements. Hexadome of America, Inc., Nikkie Architecture

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to produce for educational use only. 95 Geodesic Dome Conventional materials such as asphalt shingles or cedar shakes weatherproof the exterior. Linda Lindeman

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to produce for educational use only. 96 Foam Domes A dome built of polyurethane foam: –uses new materials as well as new building and design concepts. –is created by spraying the walls of an inflated polyurethane balloon with polyurethane foam. –is the structure that remains after peeling away the balloon. (Continued)

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to produce for educational use only. 97 Foam Domes Compared to a conventional home, a foam house: –costs about half as much. –can be built in a few weeks. –is 40% to 60% more energy efficient.

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to produce for educational use only. 98 Solar Homes A true solar home: –has special design features for maximum energy efficiency. –uses the weather conditions of its site to advantage. –may use an active solar heating system, but usually relies on passive solar heating. (Continued)

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to produce for educational use only. 100 Solar Homes Signs of a solar home are: –a large, south-facing glass area. –a greenhouse on one or more sides. –masonry floors and walls serving as heat collectors. Insulating glass is used for window areas and shutters preserve heat. (Continued)

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to produce for educational use only. 101 A Passive Solar Home Large glass windows and masonry floors are often used to collect warmth from the sun. Rutt

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to produce for educational use only. 102 Glossary adobe A building that has exterior walls of adobe brick, which are made of soil and straw and baked in the sun. Cotswold Cottage A compact-size house with very steep gable roof; has casement windows and recessed-arched doorways. dormer A window set in a small projection from a slanted roof. Back

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to produce for educational use only. 103 Glossary double houses A colonial house with two rooms on the main floor and a centrally located fireplace. Dutch Colonial Usually constructed of fieldstone or brick; most notable feature is the gambrel roof that flares out at the bottom and extends to cover an open porch. Elizabethan Has both Gothic and Dutch influence; usually stone, brick, or half-timber construction standing two or three stories high. Back

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to produce for educational use only. 104 Glossary French doors Doors with large areas of paned glass. French Normandy A housing style that is usually one-and-one-half to two-and-one-half stories high with brick, stone, or stucco walls and a central turret. geodesic dome An engineered system of triangular frames that create self-reinforcing roof and wall units based on mathematically precise divisions of a sphere. Back

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to produce for educational use only. 105 Glossary half-house A colonial house with one main floor room with a tiny entrance and a steep stairway leading to an attic. half-timber Wall construction with large, rough wood support beams that are filled with masonry or plaster. hillside ranch A ranch-style house built on a hill so that part of the basement is exposed. Back

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to produce for educational use only. 106 Glossary Louisiana French A housing style with a raised brick or stone basement and balconies with lacy ironwork railings that originated in New Orleans. Pennsylvania Dutch Colonial Houses built of thick, fieldstone walls with a pent roof and an unsupported hood over the front entrance. pent roof A small roof ledge between the first and second floors of a house. Back

© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to produce for educational use only. 107 Glossary raised ranch A ranch-style house with part of the basement aboveground. topography The configuration of the land’s surface with all its features, such as trees, streams, rocks, and manufactured structures. Back

. 6 TRADITIONAL HOUSING STYLES. 7 Introduction Exterior design determines the style and mood that a home conveys to the public. That design also determines.

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. 6 TRADITIONAL HOUSING STYLES. 7 Introduction Exterior design determines the style and mood that a home conveys to the public. That design also determines.

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Presentation on theme: ". 6 TRADITIONAL HOUSING STYLES. 7 Introduction Exterior design determines the style and mood that a home conveys to the public. That design also determines."— Presentation transcript:

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