1. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. A Living Language Medical Terminology Chapter 13 Special Senses: The Eye and Ear

2. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. The Eye at a Glance Function of the Eye Contains sensory receptors for vision

3. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. The Eye at a Glance Structures of the Eye Sclera Choroid Retina Eyeball Conjunctiva Eye muscles Eyelids Lacrimal apparatus

4. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

5. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Eye Combining Forms ambly/odull or dim aque/owater blephar/oeyelid chrom/ocolor conjunctiv/oconjunctiva core/opupil corne/ocornea

6. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Eye Combining Forms cycl/ociliary muscle dacry/otear; tear duct dipl/odouble glauc/ogray ir/oiris irid/oiris kerat/ocornea

7. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Eye Combining Forms lacrim/otears ocul/oeye ophthalm/oeye opt/oeye, vision optic/oeye nyctal/onight papill/ooptic disk phac/olens

8. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Eye Combining Forms phot/olight presby/oold age pupill/opupil retin/oretina scler/osclera uve/ovascular vitre/oglassy

9. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Eye Suffixes –metristone who measures –opiavision –tropiato turn

10. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Word Building with blephar/o and conjunctiv/o –itisblepharitisinflammation of eyelid –plastyblepharoplastysurgical repair of eyelid –ptosisblepharoptosisdrooping eyelid –ectomyblepharectomyremoval of eyelid –alconjunctivalpertaining to conjunctiva –itisconjunctivitisinflammation of conjunctiva –plastyconjunctivoplasty surgical repair of conjunctiva

11. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Word Building with corne/o, cycl/o & dacry/o –plegiacycloplegiaparalysis of ciliary body –alcornealpertaining to cornea cyst/o –itis dacryocystitis inflammation of tear bladder

12. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Word Building with dipl/o, ir/o & irid/o –itisiritisinflammation of iris –opiadiplopiadouble vision –aliridalpertaining to iris –ectomyiridectomyremoval of iris –plegiairidoplegiaparalysis of iris scler/o –otomy iridosclerotomyincision into iris and sclera

13. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Word Building with kerat/o, lacrim/o & ocul/o –allacrimalpertaining to tears –itiskeratitisinflammation of cornea –meterkeratometerinstrument to measure cornea –otomykeratotomyincision into cornea –arocularpertaining to eye intra– –arintraocularpertaining to inside eye myc/o –osis oculomycosis abnormal condition of eye fungus

14. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Word Building with ophthalm/o –algiaophthalmalgiaeye pain –icophthalmicpertaining to eye –logistophthalmologisteye specialist –plegiaophthalmoplegiaeye weakness –rrhagiaophthalmorrhagiarapid bleeding from eye –scopeophthalmoscope instrument to view inside eye

15. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Word Building with opt/o, pupill/o & retin/o –arypupillarypertaining to pupil –icopticpertaining to eye –meteroptometerinstrument to measure eye –metristoptometristone who measures eye –alretinalpertaining to retina –pathyretinopathyretina disease –pexyretinopexysurgical fixation of retina

16. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Word Building with scler/o and uve/o –alscleralpertaining to sclera –malaciascleromalaciasclera softening –otomysclerotomyincision into sclera –itisscleritisinflammation of sclera –itisuveitisinflammation of choroid

17. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Eye Vocabulary emmetropiastate of normal vision legally blind severely impaired vision; having 20/200 acuity nyctalopia difficulty seeing in dim light; also called night blindness ophthalmology diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the eye opticianspecialist in grinding corrective lenses

18. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Eye Vocabulary optometry specializing in examining eyes, testing vision, and prescribing corrective lenses papilledema swelling of the optic disk; also called choked disk photophobiastrong sensitivity to bright light presbyopiavisual loss due to old age xerophthalmiadry eyes

19. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Eyeball Pathology achromatopsia unable to perceive one or more colors; color blindness monochromatismunable to perceive one specific color amblyopia loss of vision not as a result of eye pathology; commonly called lazy eye corneal abrasionscraping injury to cornea

20. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Eyeball Pathology astigmatism blurred vision due to uneven cornea; light rays do not focus sharply on retina hyperopia image comes into focus behind retina; can see clearly at a distance but not up close; also called far sightedness myopia image comes into focus in front of retina; can see clearly up close but not at a distance; also called nearsightedness

21. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Eyeball Pathology cataract damage to lens causing it to become cloudy glaucoma chronic increase in intraocular pressure; results in atrophy of optic nerve macular degeneration deterioration of macula lutea area of retina

22. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure 13.8 – Photograph of a person with a cataract in the right eye.

23. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Eyeball Pathology retinal detachment separation of retina from choroid layer; damages blood vessels and nerves causing blindness retinitis pigmentosa progressive disease in which retina becomes hard and pigmented, then atrophies retinoblastoma malignant eye tumor occurring in young children

24. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Conjunctiva Pathology pterygium hypertrophied conjunctival tissue in inner corner of eye trachomachronic bacterial infection of conjunctiva

25. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Eyelid Pathology hordeolum purulent infection of sebaceous gland of eyelid; also called a stye (or sty)

26. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Eye Muscle Pathology strabismus eye muscle weakness resulting in eyes looking in different directions at same time esotropia (ST) type of strabismus with inward turning of eye; also called cross-eyed exotropia (XT) type of strabismus with outward turning of eye; also called wall-eyed

27. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure 13.4 – Photograph of an infant with strabismus. The left eye is turned inward, called esotropia. (Bart's Medical Library/Phototake NYC)

28. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Brain-related Vision Pathology hemianopia loss of vision in half of visual field; often result of a stroke nystagmus jerky involuntary eye movements; indicator of brain injury

29. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Eye Examination Tests color vision tests use of multicolored charts to determine ability to recognize colors fluorescein angiography injection of fluorescein dye into bloodstream to observe blood flow within eye fluorescein staining applying fluorescein eye drops to cornea to look for corneal abrasions

30. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure 13.11 – An example of color blindness test. A person with red-green color blindness would not be able to distinguish the green 27 from the surrounding red circles.

31. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Eye Examination Tests keratometrymeasures curvature of cornea ophthalmoscopyexamination of interior of eye refractive error test vision test for defect in ability of eye to focus image on retina; tests for hyperopia and myopia slit lamp microscopy examining posterior surface of cornea

32. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure 13.12 – Examination of the interior of the eye using an ophthalmoscope.

33. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Eye Examination Tests Snellen chartused for testing distance vision tonometrymeasures intraocular pressure visual acuity (VA) measures sharpness of vision

34. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figurer 13.13 – LASIK surgery. The cornea has been lifted in order to reshape it. (Chris Barry/Phototake NYC)

35. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Surgical Treatments cryoretinopexy surgical fixation of retina using extreme cold laser photocoagulation use of laser to destroy very small precise areas of retina scleral buckling placing band around outside of sclera to stabilize detached retina strabotomy incision into eye muscles to correct strabismus

36. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Eye Pharmacology anesthetic ophthalmic solution eyedrops to deaden pain Ocu-Caine, Pontocaine antibiotic ophthalmic solution eyedrops to treat bacterial infection Del-Mycin, Ilotycin ophthalmic decongestant constricts arterioles of eye to reduce redness and itching Visine, Murine

37. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Eye Pharmacology antiglaucoma medication reduces intraocular pressure Betimol, Timoptic artificial tearstreats dry eyes Akwa Tears, Refresh Plus mioticconstricts pupil Eserine Sulfate, Miostat mydriaticdilates pupil Atropine-Care, Atropisol Ophtalmic

38. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Eye Abbreviations ARMDage-related macular degeneration Astigmastigmatism c. gl.correction with glasses Ddiopters (lens strength) DVAdistance visual acuity ECCEextracapsular cataract extraction EENTeye, ear, nose, throat

39. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Eye Abbreviations EMemmetropia EOMextraocular movement ICCEintracapsular cataract extraction IOPintraocular pressure LASIKlaser assisted in-situ keratomileusis ODright eye Ophth.ophthalmology

40. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Eye Abbreviations OSleft eye OUeach eye/both eyes PERRLA pupils equal, round, reactive to light and accommodation PRKphotorefractive keratectomy REMrapid eye movement s. gl.without correction or glasses SMDsenile macular degeneration

41. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Eye Abbreviations STesotropia VAvisual acuity VFvisual field XTexotropia

42. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. The Ear at a Glance Function of the Ear Contains sensory receptors for hearing and equilibrium (balance)

43. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. The Ear at a Glance Structures of the Ear Auricle External ear Middle ear Inner ear

44. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

45. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Ear Combining Forms acous/ohearing audi/ohearing audit/ohearing aur/oear auricul/oear cerumin/ocerumen

46. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Ear Combining Forms cochle/ocochlea labyrinth/olabyrinth (inner ear) myring/oeardrum ot/oear salping/oeustachian tube staped/ostapes tympan/oeardrum, middle ear

47. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Ear Suffixes –cusishearing –otiaear condition

48. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Word Building with acous/o, audi/o & audit/o –gramaudiogramrecord of hearing –meteraudiometerinstrument to measure hearing –logistaudiologisthearing specialist –ticacousticpertaining to hearing –oryauditorypertaining to hearing

49. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Word Building with aur/o, auricul/o, cochle/o and salping/o –arauricularpertaining to ear –alauralpertaining to ear –arcochlearpertaining to cochlea –itissalpingitisinflammation of eustachian tube –otomysalpingotomyincision into eustachian tube

50. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Word Building with labyrinth/o & myring/o –itismyringitisinflammation of eardrum –ectomymyringectomyremoval of eardrum –plastymyringoplastysurgical repair of eardrum –ectomylabyrinthectomyremoval of labyrinth –otomylabyrinthotomyincision into labyrinth

51. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Word Building with ot/o –algiaotalgiaear pain –icoticpertaining to ear –itisotitisinflammation of ear –logistotologistear specialist –rrhagiaotorrhagiableeding from ear

52. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Word Building with ot/o –scopeotoscopeinstrument to view ear –plastyotoplastysurgical repair of ear myc/o –osis otomycosis abnormal condition of ear fungus py/o –rrhea otopyorrheadischarge of pus from ear

53. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Word Building with tympan/o –ictympanicpertaining to eardrum –itistympanitisinflammation of eardrum –metertympanometer instrument to measure eardrum –plastytympanoplastysurgical repair of eardrum –rrhexistympanorrhexisruptured eardrum –otomytympanotomyincision into eardrum –ectomytympanectomyremoval of eardrum

54. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Word Building with –otia macro–macrotialarge ears micro–microtiasmall ears

55. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Ear Vocabulary American Sign Language (ASL) nonverbal method of communicating using hands and fingers to represent words and concepts binauralreferring to both ears monauralreferring to one ear decibel (dB)measures loudness of sound hertz (Hz)measures pitch of sound

56. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Ear Vocabulary otorhinolaryngology (ENT) diagnosis and treatment of diseases of ear, nose, and throat presbycusisnormal loss of hearing with age residual hearing amount of hearing remaining after damage has occurred tinnitusringing in ears vertigodizziness

57. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Hearing Loss Pathology anacusistotal absence of hearing; total deafness deafness inability to hear or having some degree of hearing impairment

58. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. External Ear Pathology ceruminoma excessive accumulation of earwax forming hard wax plug otitis externa (OE) external ear infection; often by fungus; also called otomycosis or swimmer’s ear

59. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Middle Ear Pathology otitis media (OM) infection of middle ear; most commonly seen in children; watery fluid (serous otitis media) or pus (purulent otitis media) accumulates in middle ear cavity otosclerosis loss of mobility of stapes bone; leads to hearing loss as it cannot vibrate

60. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Inner Ear Pathology acoustic neuroma benign tumor of cochlear nerve; symptoms include tinnitus, headache, dizziness, and hearing loss labyrinthitis inner ear infection; causes hearing and equilibrium symptoms Ménière’s disease progressive hearing loss, vertigo, and tinnitus; causes not well understood

61. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Audiology Tests audiometry test of hearing ability in regards to both intensity and pitch person is able to hear Rinne & Weber tuning fork tests use of a tuning fork placed either next to ear or against skull to assess both nerve and bone conduction of sound

62. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Otology Tests otoscopyexamination of ear canal and eardrum tympanometry measurement of movement of tympanic membrane to asses pressure inside middle ear

63. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure 13.19 – An otoscope, used to visually examine the external auditory ear canal and tympanic membrane.

64. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Balance Tests falling test assesses equilibrium; balancing on one foot with eyes open and then closed

65. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Audiology Procedures hearing aid mechanical device used to amplify sound

66. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Surgical Treatments cochlear implant mechanical device surgically placed behind outer ear; converts sound into magnetic impulses to stimulate auditory nerve; treats sensorineural hearing loss myringotomy incision into eardrum to drain fluid accumulated in middle ear cavity pressure equalizing tube (PE tube) surgical placement of tube in eardrum to allow for continuous drainage of fluid from middle ear cavity stapedectomyreplacement of damaged stapes

67. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Ear Pharmacology antibiotic otic solution eardrops to treat otitis externa Neomycin, Otocort antiemetics treats nausea associated with vertigo Antivert, Compazine anti- inflammatory otic solution reduces inflammation and itching of otitis externa Allergan Ear Drops wax emulsifiers softens ear waxDebrox Drops

68. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Ear Abbreviations ADright ear ASleft ear ASLAmerican Sign Language AUboth ears BCbone conduction dBdecibel EENTeye, ear, nose, throat ENTear, nose, throat

69. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Ear Abbreviations HEENThead, eyes, ears, nose, throat Hzhertz OMotitis media Otootology PE tubepressure equalizing tube PORPpartial ossicular replacement prosthesis SOMserous otitis media TORPtotal ossicular replacement prosthesis