2. Sections 1 & 2

3. Section 13-1 Section 13.1 The Gas Laws State the relationships among pressure, temperature, and volume of a constant amount of gas. scientific law: describes a relationship in nature that is supported by many experiments Apply the gas laws to problems involving the pressure, temperature, and volume of a constant amount of gas. Explain the difference between a law & a theory?

4. Section 13-1 Section 13.1 The Gas Laws (cont.) Boyle’s law absolute zero Charles’s law Gay-Lussac’s law combined gas law For a fixed amount of gas, a change in one variable—pressure, temperature, or volume—affects the other two. What is a variable?

5. Section 13-1 Boyle's Law Boyle’s law states that the volume of a fixed amount of gas held at a constant temperature varies inversely with the pressure.Boyle’s law P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2 where P = pressure and V = volume Give an everyday example of Boyle’s Law.

6. Section 13-1 Charles's Law As temperature increases, so does the volume of gas when the amount of gas and pressure do not change. Kinetic-molecular theory explains this property. Draw a series of cartoons to show what happens to a filled helium balloon as the temperature gradually increases.

7. Section 13-1 Charles's Law (cont.) What type of mathematical relationship is V vs T ?

8. Section 13-1 Charles's Law (cont.) Absolute zero is zero on the Kelvin scale.Absolute zero Charles’s law states that the volume of a given amount of gas is directly proportional to its kelvin temperature at constant pressure.Charles’s law Why must all temperatures be put into Kelvin units when using gas laws?

9. Section 13-1 Gay-Lussac's Law Gay-Lussac’s law states that the pressure of a fixed amount of gas varies directly with the kelvin temperature when the volume remains constant.Gay-Lussac’s law How does Gay-Lussac’s Law apply to NASCAR racing teams?

10. Section 13-1 Gay-Lussac's Law (cont.) What type of mathematical relationship is P vs T ?

11. Section 13-1 If all three laws (Boyle’s, Charles’, Gay- Lussac’s) are combined then the resulting equation is the: combined gas law states the relationship among pressure, temperature, and volume of a fixed amount of gas. The Combined Gas Law In the combined gas law formula, draw a circle around Boyles’ Law, Charles’ Law & Gay- Lussac’s Law. Shade in each circle a different color to distinguish the individual laws that make up the combined law.

12. When using the combined gas law, cross out any unnecessary variable. Ex) A child’s party inflatable has a pressure of 15.8 atm at the beginning of the party when the temperature is 33 o C. Near the end of the party the temperature drops to 17 o C. What is the new pressure? 1 st : Convert Celsius temperatures to Kelvin units. Solution: T 1 = 33 + 273 = 306 KT 2 = 17 + 273 = 290. K The Combined Gas Law (cont.)

13. 2 nd : Substitute values into equation. 15.8 atm V 1 306 K = P 2 V 2 290. K 3 rd : Cross out any variables not mentioned at all. 4 th : Cross multiply & solve for the unknown. (15.8atm) (290. K)= (306 K) P 2 306 K P 2 = 15.0 atm The Combined Gas Law (cont.)

14. Section 13-1 The Combined Gas Law (cont.)