1. The Normal distribution Chapter 5

2. Assessing Normality (5.4) You have a bunch of data. Question: Is it Normal?

3. Assessing Normality (5.4) You have a bunch of data. Question: Is it Normal? – Check if your data has the same properties that Normal data does

4. 1.Construct a histogram or stem and leaf plot. Does it look Normal-ish? (moundshaped and symmetric)

5. 2.Find the % of data within 1 standard deviation of the mean, 2 standard deviations and 3 standard deviations (should be 68%, 95%, 99.6%)

6. 1.Construct a histogram or stem and leaf plot. Does it look Normal-ish? (moundshaped and symmetric) 2.Find the % of data within 1 standard deviation of the mean, 2 standard deviations and 3 standard deviations (should be 68%, 95%, 99.6%) 3.IQR/s=1.3

7. 1.Construct a histogram or stem and leaf plot. Does it look Normal-ish? (moundshaped and symmetric) 2.Find the % of data within 1 standard deviation of the mean, 2 standard deviations and 3 standard deviations (should be 68%, 95%, 99.6%) 3.IQR/s=1.3 4.Construct a Normal Probability Plot

8. 1.Construct a histogram or stem and leaf plot. Does it look Normal-ish? (moundshaped and symmetric) 2.Find the % of data within 1 standard deviation of the mean, 2 standard deviations and 3 standard deviations (should be 68%, 95%, 99.6%) 3.IQR/s=1.3 4.Construct a Normal Probability Plot Note: 3 and 4 are true and good checks for Normality, but we will not be covering them in this class.

9. Toilet Flush Example Is this data normal??

10. Toilet Flush Example Is this data normal?? 1. Construct a histogram or stem and leaf plot. Does it look Normal-ish? (moundshaped and symmetric)

11. Housefly Wings Example Is this data set normal??

12. Housefly Wings Example Is this data normal?? 1. Construct a histogram or stem and leaf plot. Does it look Normal-ish? (moundshaped and symmetric)

13. Housefly Wings Example Is this data normal?? Stem Leaf Plot 3 | 6 7 8 8 9 9 4 | 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 5 | 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 n = 100 Mean = 45.5 St. Dev = 3.92

14. Housefly Wings Example Is this data normal?? Stem Leaf Plot 3 | 6 7 8 8 9 9 4 | 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 5 | 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 n = 100 Mean = 45.5 St. Dev = 3.92 2. Find % of data within 1,2,3 standard deviations of the mean

15. Housefly Wings Example Stem Leaf Plot 3 | 6 7 8 8 9 9 4 | 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 5 | 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 n = 100 Mean = 45.5 St. Dev = 3.92 2. Find % of data within 1,2,3 standard deviations of the mean (mean-s,mean+s)=(41.6,49.4) (mean-2s,mean+2s)=(37.7,53.3) (mean-3s,mean+3s)=(?,?) What percent of the fly data is in these intervals?

16. Approximating a Binomial with a Normal Flip a fair coin 100 times. How many heads do we get?

17. Approximating a Binomial with a Normal Flip a fair coin 100 times. How many heads do we get? – Repeat this process 1000 times. What do we expect our results to look like?

18. Approximating a Binomial with a Normal Flip a fair coin 100 times. How many heads do we get? – Repeat this process 1000 times. What do we expect our results to look like? Does this shape remind you of anything??

19. We can (often) approximate a Binomial Distribution with a Normal! Ex: Given the above flips, let X be the number of Heads. – Find the P(X<=45)= Could do the binomial probabilities. But we’d have to find: P(X=0)+P(X=1)+…+P(X=45) Or we could convert it to a normal. Find z-score and use a table!!

20. Example of Normal Approximation of Binomial Random Variable Do on chalkboard!

21. Is this approximation valid? Note that the interval (x-3s,x+3s) contains nearly all the data (see Empirical Rule of Thumb or Chebyshev’s Rule) For the approximation to be valid we need that interval to be in the middle of our binomial possibilities. The range of binomial possibilities is (0,n) Therefore approximation is valid if: (x-3s) > 0 (x+3s) < n