1. Helena Dahlbo 15.4.2004 Recycle, burn or landfill - impacts of the life cycle of newspaper with different waste management options Helena Dahlbo Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE)  Life cycle approach to the sustainability of waste management - a case study on newspaper, LCA-WASTE project, an ongoing research (2001– 2004)  Implementation: Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE) University of Helsinki  Funding Tekes (National Technology Agency, financier): Technology programme STREAMS – Recycling Technologies and Waste Management Academy of Finland: Research programme SUNARE – Sustainable Use of Natural Resources

2. Helena Dahlbo 15.4.2004 X % 1 2a 2b 3a 3b Waste management options X = collection rate Separately collected paper Material recycling into newsprint manufacturing Forestry Landfill Mixed waste Mechanical-biological pretreatment of mixed waste Printing Newsprint manufacturing Discarded newspapers Consumption (100 - X)% Gasification and co- combustion of recycled fuel (REF) Incineration with energy recovery Processing of separately collected paper Data: UPM-Kymmene Kaipola mill Data: Printing house Data: KCL-ECO Database Data: Paper collectors, Paperinkeräys Oy Data: YTV Waste Management + pilot studies Data: Waste collectors, VTT LIPASTO Database Data: VTT LIPASTO Database Data: Stockholm incinerator, ORWARE model

3. Helena Dahlbo 15.4.2004 Lessons learned  The different LCIA methods used (DAIA-SYKE, Eco-indicator 99, EPS 2000) give very similar results on waste recovery and treatment alternatives despite differences in their: approach and structure, amount of interventions, weighting methods, and normalisation factors  The energy system plays a significant role when studying energy recovery options depending on: what fuel waste would actually replace where the produced energy could be utilised  Impacts from the use of forest and wood: a complicated issue needs further processing in the project