1. Colonizing North America Mr. Hardy Randolph Middle School 2014-2015

2. Reasons for European Exploration and Colonization 1. Renaissance: curiosity about other lands and peoples. 2. Reformation: refugees & missionaries wish to spread Christianity and exercise religious freedom. 3. Money, money, money, money, money. New source of revenue for monarchs and wealthy merchants 4. Fame and fortune by claiming new lands Does this sound familiar?!

3. Reasons to Colonize North America? THE THREE Gs! – Gold Trade and resources – Glory North America became a competition and a “land grab” – God Protestant groups were seeking religious freedom.

4. The English Expeditions 1497 – John Cabot (real name – Zuan Chaboto) was an Italian who led an English expedition to North America. First European since the Vikings to set foot on the mainland of North America. ( not Columbus) Cabot landed in Newfoundland

5. John Cabot Italian-born but sailed for the English Landed in Canada in 1497 Explored the Canadian coastline and named many of its islands and capes The mission's purpose was to search for a Northwest passage across North America to Asia Claimed the land for England

6. Sir Francis Drake The first Englishman to sail around the world. Most importantly, it increased English interest in competing with Spain in the New World Drake's successful battles against the Spanish helped England become very powerful. Francis Drake raided the Spanish treasure fleets. – He brought gold and jewels home to England. – When the Spanish complained to Queen Elizabeth, she knighted him “Sir Francis Drake”! – He was a pirate with permission.

7. Sir Francis Drake -Why do you think he wanted to be painted with his hand on a globe? -What does this image tell us about European attitudes?

8. Search for the Northwest Passage

9. 1535 Jacques Cartier- made three voyages for France between 1535 and 1542 Wanted to find a Northwest Passage to India and the Spice Islands Discovered and sailed up the St. Lawrence River Claimed present day Canada for France The French Expeditions Jacques Cartier

10. Samuel de Champlain French explorer and navigator Mapped much of northeastern North America Founded the city of Quebec in 1608 – led 32 colonists to settle Quebec in order to establish it as a fur-trading center 1604-1607, he sailed around and charted most of the coast of Nova Scotia and down the coast to Cape Cod and Martha's Vineyard and later to Rhode Island – helped found a colony in Port Royal, Nova Scotia

11. The Dutch Expedition 1609 – Henry Hudson, an English sea captain working for the Dutch sailed his ship, the Half Moon, in to New York harbor and up the Hudson River to present day Albany, NY Most importantly, his voyage gave the Dutch claim to present day New York, where they established a colony, New Amsterdam in 1625.

12. 3 Types of Colonies Trading Posts – Did not encourage immigrants to settle – Only wanted trade – French in Canada and Dutch in Manhattan Plantations – Based on slave labor – Caribbean, Virginia, South Carolina Settler Colonies – Whole families of immigrants – English

13. The Big Three English Colonies Jamestown 1607 Plymouth 1620 Massachusetts Bay Colony 1628

14. Jamestown Jamestown – Trade – 1607: first permanent English colony in the New World – The colony was set up for trade of raw materials Profitable cash crop: Tobacco – Captain John Smith to the rescue! – Settlers resorted to cannibalism to survive.

15. Plymouth Religious Freedom – Settled by Pilgrims- separatists from the Church of England in 1620. – Site of the first Thanksgiving celebration. – Merged with the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1691.

16. Massachusetts Bay Colony Religious Freedom – The Puritans, religious fanatics that separated from the Church of England

17. Economics in the North American Colonies GOLD! Export driven economy - Mercantilism Fur Trade – Dominated by the French – French explored unmapped mountains, forests, and streams. – Developed good relationships with Native Americans – Fur made lots of $$$$$$$ when sold in Europe Cash Crop Plantations – English – In the South and Caribbean – Led to the Slave Trade – Tobacco, Cotton, Sugar Cane

18. Politics of the North American Colonies GLORY! French, Spanish and English scramble for territory. More territory equals more power. – The French colonize in modern day Canada and along the Mississippi. – The English colonize along the east coast. – The Spanish colonize Florida. The colonies soon found themselves without representation in government. – Why is this a big deal?

20. Culture in the North American Colonies GOD!: Religion – Puritans settled in New England – Left England to separate themselves from the Church of England to purify the religion There was no unified culture when the North American colonies were established. Stop and Jot Why do you think that is?