2. Pre-Inca civilizations

3. PRE-INCA CIVILIZATIONS 1. Chavín (1500-200BCE) 2. Paracas (800BCE-0) 3. Nazca (200BCE-800CE) 4. Moche (0-800CE)

5. Valdivia civilization (Ecuador)

6. Valdivia civilization Between 3500 BC and 1800 BCBetween 3500 BC and 1800 BC Lived in houses built in a circle or oval around a central plaza.Lived in houses built in a circle or oval around a central plaza. Were sedentary people (lived off farming and fishing.)Were sedentary people (lived off farming and fishing.) Valdivians cultivated maize, kidney beans, squash, cassava, hot peppers and cotton plants.Valdivians cultivated maize, kidney beans, squash, cassava, hot peppers and cotton plants. Cotton was used to make clothing.Cotton was used to make clothing.

7. CHAVIN They extended their influence to other civilizations along the coast. They extended their influence to other civilizations along the coast. Elevation : Cajarma (2750 m (9022 ft) / Cusco (around 3400 m (11200 ft) Chavin (3180 meters (10430 ft) / Pachacamac (50-100m)

8. Chronology (Time Table) Cultures ------------ Years Northern Coast Northern Highlands Central Coast Central Highlands Southern Coast Southern Highland s Altiplano 1500 B.CINCA 600 CE- 1000 CE WARI TIWANA KU 600 CECHIMUNAZCATIWANA KU 0-800CEMOCHENAZCA 200 BCE -800 CECHAVIN PARACAS 900 BCE -200 CECHAVINKOTOSH

9. Puquios aqueduct Nazca

10. ARCHITECTURE: The Chavín de Huántar Temple

12. Architecture Created a successful drainage system. Created a successful drainage system. Several canals built under the temple acted as drainage,. Several canals built under the temple acted as drainage,. The Chavín showed advanced acoustic understanding. The Chavín showed advanced acoustic understanding.

13. Architecture The temple appeared to be roaring like a jaguar, a sacred animal. It was built of white granite and black limestone, neither of which is found near the Chavín site. The temple appeared to be roaring like a jaguar, a sacred animal. It was built of white granite and black limestone, neither of which is found near the Chavín site.

14. Metallurgy

15. Metallurgy Knew soldering, and used early techniques to develop refined gold work. Knew soldering, and used early techniques to develop refined gold work. Used early techniques to develop refined gold work (the melting of metal had been discovered at this point and was used as a solder) Used early techniques to develop refined gold work (the melting of metal had been discovered at this point and was used as a solder)

16. Art Chavín pottery with respect to shape reveals two kinds of vessels: Chavín pottery with respect to shape reveals two kinds of vessels: 1. Polyhedrous carved type. 2. Globular painted type.

17. Stylistically Chavín art forms make extensive use of the technique of contour rivalry. The art is intentionally difficult to interpret and understand, since it was intended only to be read by high priests of the Chavín cult, who could understand the intricately complex and sacred designs. The Raimondi Stela is one of the major examples of this technique. Chavín art forms make extensive use of the technique of contour rivalry. The art is intentionally difficult to interpret and understand, since it was intended only to be read by high priests of the Chavín cult, who could understand the intricately complex and sacred designs. The Raimondi Stela is one of the major examples of this technique.

18. Contour rivalry It is an artistic technique used to create multiple possible visual interpretations of an image. An image may be viewed as depicting one thing when viewed in a certain way; but if the image is flipped or turned, the same lines that formed the previous image now make up an entirely new design. It is an artistic technique used to create multiple possible visual interpretations of an image. An image may be viewed as depicting one thing when viewed in a certain way; but if the image is flipped or turned, the same lines that formed the previous image now make up an entirely new design.

19. Contour rivalry A detail of the Raimondi Stela, an example of contour rivalry produced by the Chavin culture. A detail of the Raimondi Stela, an example of contour rivalry produced by the Chavin culture. This technique was widely practiced by the artists of the Chavin culture of the central Andes about two thousand years ago. An example of this technique from the Chavín is the Raimondi Stela. This technique was widely practiced by the artists of the Chavin culture of the central Andes about two thousand years ago. An example of this technique from the Chavín is the Raimondi Stela.

20. Art (Stela de Raimondi)

23. Stela de Raimondi

24. Religion The nature-based iconography of anthropomorphic figures which utilizes a feline theme is one of the broad and characteristic traits of Chavín culture.

25. Religion: Few deities The main deity is characterized by long fangs and long hair made of snakes. God responsible for balancing opposing forces.

26. Other deities: The deity for food represented through flying cayman. The deity of the underworld, represented as anacondas. The deity of the supernatural world in general is represented through jaguars.

27. Agriculture and drainage system They developed elaborated irrigation systems to assist the growth of potato, peanut, quinoa, and maize. They developed elaborated irrigation systems to assist the growth of potato, peanut, quinoa, and maize. The Chavin de Huantar temple is an example of architecture and control of the enviroment. The temple's design shows complex innovation to adapt to the highland environments of Peru.

28. The end