1. Effective Learning & Teaching Comments on Chapter 13 of Science for All Americans

2. Principles of Learning 1 Learning is not necessarily an outcome of teaching What students learn is affected by their existing ideas Progression in learning is usually from concrete to the abstract

3. Principles of Learning 2 People learn to do well on what they practice doing Effective learning by students requires feedback Expectations affect performance

4. Teaching Science…1 Teaching should be consistent with the nature of science Start with questions about nature Engage students actively Concentrate on the collection and use of evidence Provide historical perspectives Insist on clear expression Use a team approach Do not separate knowledge from finding out Deemphasize the memorization of tech. vocab.

5. Teaching science…2 Science teaching should reflect scientific values Welcome curiosity Reward creativity Encourage a spirit of healthy questioning Avoid dogmatism Promote aesthetic responses

6. Teaching science…3 Science teaching should aim to counteract learning anxieties Build on success Provide abundant experience in using tools Support the roles of women and minorities in science Emphasize “group” learning

7. Science Teaching…4 Science teaching should extend beyond the school Teaching should take its time.