1. C ARTOGRAPHIC C OMMUNICATION

2. T WO T YPES OF M APS : Reference Maps - Show locations of places and geographic features - Absolute locations What are reference maps used for? Thematic Maps - Tell a story about the degree of an attribute, the pattern of its distribution, or its movement. - Relative locations What are thematic maps used for?

3. G RADUATED C IRCLE M APS OR P ROPORTIONAL SYMBOL shapes of different sizes to show where and how much Larger the circle = more phenomenon Single variable Population, median income, wheat production, or average land value Swine Flu

5. D OT M AP A single or specified number of occurrences is represented by a dot Good for suggesting spatial pattern, distribution, and dispersion Poor at showing precise value Crime Map

6. C OMMERCIAL WIRELESS SIGNALS

7. I SOMETRIC /I SOPLETH /I SOLINE M AP Features isolines that connect points registering equal values of whatever is being mapped. Isoline show where there is a uniform occurrence Poor at showing information that might be patchy

8. Where Pennsylvanian students prefer to live Where Californian students prefer to live Perception of Place

10. C HOROPLETH Shows data in a predetermined unit. Each unit is shaded to represent how much of an item in the borders Can give a false impression of abrupt change Smaller units are better than larger (1-5) is more accurate than (1-50) Election Results

11. C ARTOGRAM Uses statistical data to transform a space so that the largest unit on the map is the one showing the greatest statistical value Gives a good visual representation of quantity but not good at communicating exact numbers

13. M OST THEMATIC MAPS HAVE : Simplification- What has the cartographer chosen to keep Why are things left out? Symbolization What do the symbols add to the meaning? Does it look attractive? Classification Thematic maps use categories Equal interval or set values Induction Information is under the surface or hidden Linked to classification Centering- what is placed in the center of the map shows cultural/artistic value

14. S IMPLIFICATION

16. S YMBOLIZATION Super bowl Word Symbols

17. S YMBOLIZATION

20. C LASSIFICATION

23. I NDUCTION

24. C ENTERING

27. S CALE

29. M ESSAGE /A RT

30. Message/Art