1. Airborne Measurement of Horizontal Wind and Moisture Transport Using Co-deployed Doppler and DIAL lidars Mike Hardesty, Alan Brewer, Brandi McCarty, Christoph Senff, and Ed Tollerud NOAA/ETL and University of Colorado/CIRES Gerhard Ehret, Andreas Fix, Goraszd Poberaj, Martin Wirth, and Christoph Kiemle DLR/Lidar Group

2. Working Group on Space-based Lidar Winds 2 Measurement Technique (horizontal winds) Installed a wedge scanner to direct the lidar beam 20 degrees off-nadir Fixed the beam azimuth direction at 90 degrees relative to the aircraft Adjusted azimuth to compensate for aircraft yaw using real time ground hits Measure winds, water vapor and aerosol with 150 m vertical and horizontal resolution (processed to 1.5 km resolution) Subtract residual ground velocity from each measured atmospheric velocity Fly box patterns to measure moisture convergence Comparisons: Dropsondes

3. Working Group on Space-based Lidar Winds 3 Horizontal Winds: 9 June Forecast showed low level jet Flight track to measure jet

4. Working Group on Space-based Lidar Winds 4 Lidar/Dropsonde Comparisons

5. Working Group on Space-based Lidar Winds 5 Northern leg wind and water vapor

6. Working Group on Space-based Lidar Winds 6 Lidar and dropsonde flux comparison DIAL/Doppler lidar Dropsonde

7. Working Group on Space-based Lidar Winds 7 Dropsonde/Lidar comparison near jet max Dropsonde/lidar flux comparisons show good agreement for north- south component Non-negligible east-west component at higher altitudes (lidar will underestimate) Could be improved by noting the orientation of the jet axis and correcting velocity measurements Lidar measurements have higher resolution, see smaller scales Analyzing data to see if this is important

8. Working Group on Space-based Lidar Winds 8 Dropsonde-Scale Moisture Transport South (blue) and North (black) transport Dropsonde transport measurements

9. Working Group on Space-based Lidar Winds 9 Vertical Wind Measurements Direct the lidar beam vertically through a nadir port in the Falcon Use the real-time estimate of the surface velocity to determine vertical pointing Adjust turning mirror to compensate for Falcon pitch angle Measure winds, water vapor and aerosol with 150 m vertical and horizontal resolution Subtract residual ground velocity from each atmospheric velocity Repeat aircraft tracks over multiple missions Comparisons: King-Air and surface flux measurements

10. Working Group on Space-based Lidar Winds 10 Vertical velocities

11. Working Group on Space-based Lidar Winds 11 Vertical Velocity Variance

12. Working Group on Space-based Lidar Winds 12 Lidar/King Air Comparison June 7 Lidar King Air

13. Working Group on Space-based Lidar Winds 13 Repeat over same track

14. Working Group on Space-based Lidar Winds 14 NOAA-HRDL  x = 150 m  y = 150 m DLR-DIAL  x = 200 m  y = 150 m Combined Wind and Water Vapour Measurements Spatial Averaging:

15. Working Group on Space-based Lidar Winds 15 Preliminary Flux Profile First Measurement of Latent Heat Flux Profile by co-located airborne water vapor DIAL and Doppler wind lidars H 2 O-DIAL Power Spectrum Flux Profile from Eddy-Correlation (NOAA, DLR)

16. Working Group on Space-based Lidar Winds 16 Future : HRDL Upgrades HRDL is being repackaged for better aircraft performance Modular design, fiber coupling New processor under development for higher prf (1 kHz) Deployment on NOAA ship this summer for New England air quality experiment Future plans: co-deployment with ozone lidar during 2005/2006 air quality studies

17. Working Group on Space-based Lidar Winds 17 Summary Demonstrated the capability to make high precision measurements of boundary layer horizontal and vertical velocities using co-deployed DIAL and Doppler lidars Computed vertical fluxes using eddy correlation Computed horizontal wind component and single component moisture transport Compared turbulence measurements using King Air in situ measurements Compared lidar and dropsonde transport measurements Underway: examine backscatter weighting of vertical velocity measurements (effect on a spacebased wind system) Gratefully acknowledge support of USWRP and NPOESS/IPO for this research