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Section Five Fruit Part One Formation and Character of Fruit Fruit is a reproductive organs of Angiospermae which come from developed ovary of pistil. It have protecting and spreading function.
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Physiological function of fruit 凤仙花喷瓜鬼针草
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Medicinal value of fruit 桑椹 女贞子 甜瓜蒂 陈皮 丝瓜络
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True fruit : completely developed ovary False fruit : besides ovary, receptacle, calyx, rachis participate in formation of the fruit.
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Fruit pericarp exocarp mesocarp endocarp seed
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The structure of pome
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Part two the type of fruit According origin, structure and quality of pericarp to sort three types. 1.simple fruit 2.Aggregate fruit 3.Collective fruit or multiple fruit
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1.simple fruit Only one pistil developed one fruit in one flower. according different quality of pericarp to sort two types. ① freshy fruit berry drupe pome hesperidium pepo
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Ⅰ.berry(1.exocarp2.mesocarp3.endocarp) Ⅱ.hesperidium(6.vesiclely hair) Ⅲ.drupe Ⅳ.pepo(ovule)
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berry—— 忍冬 drupe—— 杏 drupe—— 山茱萸 pome—— 苹果 A 萼裂片 B 雄蕊 C 花柱 D 内果皮 E 种子 2 枚 F 种皮 G 子叶 2 枚 H 果心线(维管束) I 花被的维管束 J 果柄
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枸橘花果解剖 雄蕊内 ( 花 ) 盘, 子房上位, 中轴胎座, hesperidium pepo—— 南瓜 左 : 为子房纵切中 :3 个侧膜胎座合生, 黑线勾勒为 1 个心皮右 : 花药呈 S 形弯曲
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② dry fruit A. dehiscent fruit follicle legume silique, silicle capsule
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B.indehiscent fruit achene caryopsis nut (nutlet) samara utricle schizocarp(cremocarp)
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1.follicle2.legume3.silique4.capsule5.capsule 6.capsule7.caryopsis8.achene 9.samara10.nut11.cremocarp
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follicle—— 夹竹桃 legume—— 榼藤子 silique—— 油菜 silicle—— 荠菜 Capsule 罂粟幼果 capsule—— 百合 capsule—— 油茶
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Achene 向日葵花果解剖 Caryopsis 小麦成熟期的果实 nut—— 板栗 samara—— 榆树
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Cremocarp 胡萝卜 A 双悬果 B 果实腹面 C 果实背面 D 种子 E 心皮柄 F 果柄 G 主棱 H 次棱
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2.Aggregate fruit Many apocarpous pistil in receptacle and receptacle together developed fruit. 聚合蓇葖果 —— 玉兰 聚合瘦果 —— 草莓 聚合浆果 —— 天南星
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the type of Aggregate fruit 1.aggregate berry 2.aggregate drupe 3. 4.aggregate fillicle 5. 6.aggregate achene 7.aggregate nut
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The type of Aggregate fruit 1. 2. aggregate follicle 3. aggregate berry 4. aggregate nut 5. 6. aggregate achene
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3.Collective fruit or multiple fruit Whole inflorenscence developed fruit. For example 1. pineapple2.mulberry and 4.fig.
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The type of multiple fruit 1. mulberry 2. Pineapple 3. fig. 4. Fruit of chinar
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Review Questions 一.Definition True fruit, false fruit, simple fruit, aggregate fruit, collective fruit 二.simple answer 1.what is the inner structure of the fruit?
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