1. Smart Grid 101 - Introduction
Erich W. Gunther
Chairman and CTO
EnerNex Corporation

2. All Session Agenda Session 1 – Power System Infrastructure
Erich W. Gunther – Introduction to the Smart Grid 101 Course
Aaron Snyder – Overview
Russ Neal – Key concepts and opportunities
Erich W. Gunther – Renewable integration
Session 2 – Smart Devices
Joe Hughes – device information models
Brad Singletary – In premise devices
Erich W. Gunther – Substation and distribution devices
Session 3 – Integrating, managing, securing
Wayne Longcore – Integrating and managing
Darren Highfill - Securing
Erich W. Gunther – Standards Based Interoperability

3. A Smart Grid:
Makes use of communications, computing and power electronics to create a system that is:
Self-Healing and Adaptive
Interactive with consumers and markets
Optimized to make best use of resources and equipment
Predictive rather than reactive, to prevent emergencies
Distributed across geographical and organizational boundaries
Integrated, merging monitoring, control, protection, maintenance, EMS, DMS, marketing, and IT
More Secure from attack

4. Merging Two Infrastructures
Electrical Infrastructure
“Intelligence” Infrastructure

5. The Smart Grid

6. Smart Grid Applications
Real-time Simulation and Contingency Analysis
Distributed Generation and Alternate Energy Sources
Self-Healing Wide-Area Protection and Islanding
Asset Management and On-Line Equipment Monitoring
Demand Response and Dynamic Pricing
Participation in Energy Markets
Shared Information – Continuously Optimizing – Intelligent Responses!

7. What is the Smart Grid – EISA 2007
The term Smart Grid Functions shall include:
Ability to store, send and receive digital information through a combination of devices
Ability to do same to or from a computer or control device
Ability to measure and monitor as a function of time of day, power quality, source and type of generation, etc
Ability to sense disruptions in power flows and communicate on such instantaneously
Ability to detect, respond to, recover, etc relative to security threats
Ability of appliances and equipment to respond without human intervention
Ability to use digital information for grid operations that were previously electromechanical or manual
Ability to use digital controls to manage demand, congestion, and provide ancillary services

8. How is the Smart Grid Created?
The smart grid is not created all at once – it will evolve over many years from today’s infrastructure through the deployment and integration of Intelligent Systems

9. The Approach Start with existing systems
Progressively link them together
Add new knowledge and technologies to create NEW intelligent systems with
Wider scope
Greater ability to adapt
Capabilities not originally forseen
The architectural response to challenges such as these is to integrate existing intelligent systems together into more sophisticated systems with wider scope and a greater ability to adapt. New technology and new ideas act as a catalyst and a “glue” to integrate the systems together. The next few slides present some examples.

10. NIST Conceptual Model
The conceptual model consists of several domains, each of which contains many applications and actors that are connected by interfaces:
Actors may be devices, computer systems or software programs and/or the organizations that own them. Actors have the capability to make decisions and exchange information with other actors through interfaces.
Applications are the tasks performed by the actors within the domains. Some applications may be performed by a single actor, others by several actors working together.
Domains group actors together for the purpose of simplification to discover the commonalities that will define the interfaces. In general, actors in the same domain have similar objectives. Communications within the same domain may have similar characteristics and requirements. Domains may contain other domains.
The domains of the Smart Grid are listed briefly in Table 1 and discussed in more detail in the sections that follow. In Figure 3, domains are shown as clouds.
Table 1 - Domains in the Smart Grid Conceptual Model
Domain
Actors in the Domain
Customers
The end users of electricity. May also generate it, store it, and manage its use. There are three types of customers, each with its own domain: home, commercial/building, and industrial.
Markets
The operators and participants in electricity markets
Service Providers
The organizations providing services to electrical customers and utilities
Operations
The managers of the movement of electricity
Generation
The generators of electricity in bulk quantities. May also store energy for later generation.
Transmission
The carriers of bulk electricity over long distances. May also store and generate electricity.
Distribution
The distributors of electricity to and from customers. May also store and generate electricity.
It is important to note that that domains are NOT organizations. For instance, an ISO or RTO may have actors in both the Markets and Operations domains. Similarly, a distribution utility is not entirely contained within the Distribution domain. It is likely to also contain actors in the Operations domain, such as a Distribution Management System, and in the Customer domain, such as meters
Interfaces show either electrical connections or communications connections. In Figure 3, the electrical interfaces are shown as yellow lines and the communications interfaces are shown in blue. In concept, each of these interfaces may be bi-directional. Communications interfaces represent an information exchange between two domains or actors; they do not represent physical connections. For instance, the interface between the Operations and Customer domains may include several different types of physical connections, wired or wireless, constituting wide or local area networks.
Source: NIST

11. Thank you! Comments welcome! Further questions and comments: